 Management ◦ The activities and tasks undertaken by one or more persons for the purpose of planning and controlling the activities of other in order to achieve objectives that could not be achieved by the others acting alone

 Project Management ◦ A system of management procedures, practices, technologies, skills, and experience necessary to successfully manage an engineering project  Software Engineering Project Management ◦ Project management where the product is software

 Four P’s of Project Management ◦ 1 People ◦ 2 Product ◦ 3 Process ◦ 4 Project

 Four P’s of Project Management ◦ 1: People  The “most important” element  The one who gets the job done  What to consider  Skills, abilities, talents  Motivation, Interest  Temperament  Reliability  Special challenges for managing students in senior design ◦ 2 Product ◦ 3 Process ◦ 4 Project

 Four P’s of Project Management ◦ 1: People ◦ 2: Product  It’s why you’re in business  Determine what are you building (market/customer research)  How big a job (scope)  What do you have to accomplish task (resources)  How hard (effort + ability + resources = feasibility) ◦ 3 Process ◦ 4 Project

 Four P’s of Project Management ◦ 1: People ◦ 2: Product ◦ 3: Process  The framework organizing tasks of your development work  Provides structure and context for development effort  Gives guidance on best practices for s/w development  Identifies common concerns, e.g., organization, resources, risks ◦ 4 Project

 Four P’s of Project Management ◦ 1: People ◦ 2: Product ◦ 3: Process ◦ 4: Project  Organizes and integrates the other three  Contains the plan of action  Uses the process as a guideline  Considers the people and resources in estimating  Decomposes the product and develops the schedule, resource needs, cost, and risk  Provides the “concrete” information needed for tracking (or monitoring) and controlling the effort.

 Two types of software projects ◦ Development projects ◦ Acquisition projects  Two types of software project managers ◦ Project managers ◦ Acquisition managers

 Software Development ◦ The process of developing or modifying a software- intensive system to meet the acquirer’s contractual requirements ◦ The process of developing this system to deliver on time and within budget  Software Acquisition ◦ The process of contractually obtaining, from a supplier, a software-intensive system for use by another groups or organization

 70% of software organization have no defined methods  Process are defined during the development  Software ends up ◦ Late ◦ Over budget ◦ Fails to meet requirements

“Today’s major problems with software development are not technical problems, but management problems”

 Functions of management ◦ Planning ◦ Organizing ◦ Staffing ◦ Directing (leading) ◦ Controlling

 Set objectives and goals  Develop strategies  Develop policies  Forecast future situations  Conduct a risk assessment  Determine possible courses of action  Make planning decisions  Set procedures and rules  Develop project plans  Prepare budgets  Document project plans

 Identify and group project function, activities, and tasks  Select organizational structures  Create organizational positions  Define responsibilities and authority  Establish position qualifications  Document organizational decisions

 Project managers  Software system engineers  Scientific/engineering programmers, programmer- analysts  Verification and validation engineer  Software quality assurance engineer

 Lack of project management training  Greatly varying skills  Inability to predict productivity of engineers  Lack of experience  Turnover  Not enough software engineers ◦ Most graduates are theoretical ◦ Or just coders

 Fill organizational positions  Assimilate newly assigned personnel  Educate or train personnel  Provide for general development  Evaluate and appraise personnel  Compensate  Terminate assignments  Document staffing decisions

 Must look for ◦ Education ◦ Experience ◦ Training ◦ Motivation ◦ Commitment ◦ Self-motivation ◦ Group affinity ◦ Intelligence

 Provide leadership  Supervise personnel  Delegate authority  Motivate personnel  Build teams  Coordinate activities  Facilitate communication  Resolve conflicts  Manage changes  Document directing decisions

 Positional Power ◦ Power derived from having a leadership position ◦ Not always effective  Personal Power ◦ Charisma or personal charm ◦ Sometimes more effective than positional power

 Provide leadership  Supervise personnel  Delegate authority  Motivate personnel  Build teams  Coordinate activities  Facilitate communication  Resolve conflicts  Manage changes  Document directing decisions

Job Attractors Job Dissatisfiers Salary Company mismanagement Chance to advance Poor work environment Work environment Little feeling of accomplishment Location Poor recognition Benefits Inadequate salary Facilities/equipment Little chance to advance Job satisfaction Poor facilities/equipment Company management Poor benefits Job responsibility Poor career path definition

 Develop standards of performance  Establish monitoring and reporting systems  Measure and analyze results  Initiate corrective actions  Reward and discipline  Document controlling methods