Function(1) Stimulate cell oxidation Regulate the basal metabolic rate Increasing oxygen uptake Metabolism of cho,pro,fat Controls body temperature Growth.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
IODINE WHAT’S IN YOUR SUPPLEMENT? ADAPTED FROM THE OREGON WIC PROGRAM.
Advertisements

Unit Fourteen: Endocrinology and Reproduction
Physiological roles Influence on many aspects of body function –Direct action –Indirect action Early growth and development Deficiency –Abnormalities Growth.
Iodine deficiency disorders zIodine is an essential component in thyroid hormone production zThyroid hormone regulates basic metabolism :energy consumption,
OST 529 Systems Biology: Endocrinology Keith Lookingland Associate Professor Dept. Pharmacology & Toxicology.
Nutrition and Global Health
DR NORHASMAH BT SULAIMAN DEPARTMENT OF RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AND CONSUMER STUDIES FACULTY OF HUMAN ECOLOGY UPM.
Water and Minerals: The Ocean Within BIOL 103, Chapter 10-2.
Text extracted from The World Food Problem Leathers & Foster, 2004
Chapter Seven - Part Two The Trace Minerals & Water Food & Nutritional Health NUT SCI –242 Karen Lacey, MS, RD, CD © Spring 2005.
Iodine By Alix, Kaitlin, Michele, Lindsay, and Allana 1 1.
Iodine Deficiency Goiter
The Trace Minerals Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning.
GOITER.
iodine deficiency disorders
Micronutrient malnutrition II Vanessa Velazquez-Ruiz, MD Emergency Medicine Global Health Fellow St. Luke’s-Roosevelt Hospital.
THE THYROID GLAND. Anatomical Structure Gross Anatomy Located in neck –lobes –isthmus Relations –Larynx –Trachea –Recurrent laryngeal nerves –Parathyroid.
T HYROID S TIMULATING H ORMONE By: Cooper Nichols.
Hormonal Control of Metabolism Thyroid & Parathyroid Glands.
IODINE DEFFICIENCY DISORDERS SREERAJ.V.T JR.HEALTH INSPECTOR PHC UDAYAGIRI.
بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم IODINE: Iodine is an essential trace element. It present in the body in a minute amount (normally mg).80%of the iodine.
By:Jennifer Abrefa.  The thyroid secretes hormones that control how fast and efficiently cells convert nutrients into energy so that the cells can perform.
Iodine By: Brittany Daigle. Deficiency Symptoms: Extreme fatigue, goiter, mental slowing, depression, weight gain, and low basal body temperatures. Iodine.
Iodine and the Thyroid Elissa Hernandez HW Bachelors Capstone in Health and Wellness Instructor: Edward Eaves 07/29/2013.
Iodine Status and Thyroid Function of Vegans versus Non-Vegan Adults Kristen, Tony, Kelly, and Kelsie.
Dr K N Prasad Community Medicine
1 Iodine By Alix, Kaitlyn, Michele, Lindsay, and Allana.
THYROID DISEASE IN PREGNANCY. Physiologic Changes in Pregnancy Free thyroxine levels remain within the normal range during pregnancy (though total thyroxine.
1 بسـم الله الرحمن الر حیـم هوال طیف. Overview of IDD assessment and indicators H. Delshad M.D Endocrinologist Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences.
Chapter 12 The Trace Elements
ABNORMALITIES OF THYROID FUNCTION Dr. Shaikh Mujeeb Ahmed Assistant Professor AlMaarefa College ENDO BLOCK 412.
Anatomy and Physiology Part 3: Thyroid Gland and Calcium Homeostasis
Nutrition in Developing Countries Jonathan Gorstein.
Thyroid Gland By Kari Burns, Kiersten Burling and Mallory Fishman.
1. Abdullah Almarzouki, Assistant Prof. Internal Medicine Endocrinologist Umm Al Qura University Iodine deficiency 2.
2.What do you think were the serum T3,T4, and TSH levels in the previous consult? What do you call this condition? – Normal levels of T3, T4 and TSH levels.
1 Iron Foods –Heme iron –Non-heme iron –Meats, seafoods and enriched bakery products Needs –RDA: 18 mg/day adult women, 8 mg/day adult men After menopause.
Endocrinology Ⅱ Pituitary Gland.
Trace element ** Iron :.
Dr Sajida Naseem Assistant Professor Community & Family Medicine.
Iodine in human health Iodine Deficiency Disorderes.
By Isabel Stephan and Olga Erokhina
Copyright © 2009, by Mosby, Inc. an affiliate of Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved.1 Chapter 8 Minerals.
Slide 1 Minerals. Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 2 Key Concept The human body requires a variety of minerals in different amounts.
A metalic di- or trivalent transition element An essential constituent of hemoglobin and myoglobin → store and transport oxygen hemoglobin : red blood.
The Trace Minerals Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning.
Thyroid in Health and Disease Richard B. Horenstein, MD Assistant Professor Department of Medicine Division of Endocrinology Diabetes & Nutrition.
Hypo and Hypersecretion
Clinical Application Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism Gail Nunlee-Bland, M.D.
Minerals. General Functions Minerals are essential for good health and normal growth. Minerals are involved in the control of certain processes in the.
The Thyroid & Parathyroid Gland
8-Jul-16Thyroid Hormones1 Normal Functions HyperthyroidismHypothyroidism.
Lecture 6 TOXICITY Toxicity from excessive dietary intake of major minerals rarely occurs in healthy individuals. Kidneys that are functioning normally.
Endemic goiter TASHKENT MEDICAL ACADEMY
Deficiency. Deficiency Nodular Deficiency Nodular.
Chapter 8: Nutrients Involved in Energy Metabolism
Thyroid disease.
Endocrine System Disorders
Drugs Used to Treat Thyroid Disease
Inorganic nutrients(Minerals)
IODINE DEFICIENCY DISORDERS
Nutrients Involved in Energy Metabolism
Chapter 8 Minerals Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc.
NUTRITION for a Changing World
B. Zinc Functions: Needed for protein & enzyme function
MINERAL DEFICIENCIES By Dr. Nuzhat Sultana M.B.
Lecture 8b MINERALS-I MINOR MINERALS 29 October 2018.
Thyroid disease.
Chapter 14: Trace Minerals
Protein Function: Provide raw material for growth and repair; provide essential amino acids Examples: Meat, eggs, beans Protein deficiency is a serious.
Presentation transcript:

Function(1) Stimulate cell oxidation Regulate the basal metabolic rate Increasing oxygen uptake Metabolism of cho,pro,fat Controls body temperature Growth of bones

Function(2) CNS Controls reproduction Treatment mammary dys-plasia Treatment fibrocystic breast disease immune response work with myeloperoxidase to inactivate bacteria

Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD)(1) -Decrease in metabolism resulting in weight gain -goiter(Thyroid enlargement) -physical &mental retardation in infants -hypothyroidism -cretinism

Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD)(2) -varying degrees of growth and developmental abnormalities(mental and physical retardation) -stillbirths -deaf-mutism -deafness -impairs immune response - increased incidence of gastric cancer

Miscarriage Stillbirths Congenital anomalies Increased perinatal morbidity and mortality Endemic cretinism Fetus Neonatal goiter Neonatal hypothyroidism Endemic mental retardation Increased susceptibility of the thyroid gland to nuclear radiation Neonate The spectrum of iodine deficiency disorders, IDD

Goiter (Subclinical) hypothyroidism Impaired mental function Retarded physical development Increased susceptibility of the thyroid gland to nuclear radiation Child and adolescent Goiter with its complications Hypothyroidism Impaired mental function Spontaneous hyperthyroidism in the elderly Iodine-induced hyperthyroidism Increased susceptibility of the thyroid gland to nuclear radiation Adult The spectrum of iodine deficiency disorders, IDD

اختلالات ناشی از کمبود یددرمراحل مختلف زندگی مرحله کمبود عوارض دوران جنینی سقط،تولد جنین مرده،ناهنجاریهای مادرزادی اختلالات حرکتی-روانی،کم کاری تیروئید،کریتینیسم دوران نوزادی وکودکی فلج های اسپاستیک قرینه دو اندام،کرو لالی،عقب افتادگی روانی،راه رفتن همراه باکشیدن پاها برزمین، قد کوتاه،گواتر،کم کاری تیروئید،عقب افتادگی رشد بالغین گواتر،کم کاری تیروئید،اختلال در اعمال روانی

Classification of thyroid goiter: Goiter grade 0 : normal There is no dilated size of thyroid glands, from palpation or observation. Goiter Grade IA The dilatation cannot be seen but it can be palpated. Goiter Grade IB The thyroid dilatation can be seen by gazing upward, and there is dilated thyroid gland when its palpated. Goiter grade II It’s bigger than grade IB Goiter grade III The dilated thyroid gland is so big that can be seen from 6 meters away.

طبقه بندی گواتربر اساس سازمان بهداشت کل امریکا -درجه 0a: عدم وجود گواتر -درجه 0b: گواتر تنها با لمس قابل تشخیص است وحتی اگر گردن کاملا به طرف عقب کشیده شود قابل مشاهده نیست. -درجه 1: گواتر قابل لمس است وتنها هنگامی قابل مشاهده است که گردن کاملا به عقب کشیده شود. درجه2: هنگامی که سر در وضعیت عادی است تیروئید قابل مشاهده بوده و برای تشخیص احتیاجی به لمس نیست. - درجه 3:گواتر بسیار بزرگ که از فاصله قابل ملاحظه ای قابل تشخیص است.

Estimated Goiter Prevalence: Sample sizePrevalence in sample % Region/Group 41200Mazandaran Tehran Markazi Khorasan Isfahan East Azarbayjan Kohkilooyeh & Boyerahmad West Azarbayjan Qazvin Lorestan Hormozgan

Estimated Goiter Prevalence: Sample sizePrevalence in sample % Region/Group Boushehr Ardebil Yazd Gilan Khoozestan Fars Ilam Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari Zanjan 33.3?1200 Sistan & Baluchistan 27.6?1200Qom

Sample sizePrevalence in sample % Region/Group Semnan Kordestan Kerman Kermanshah Golestan Hamedan Estimated Goiter Prevalence:

حجب وحیانه تنها آرایش است بلکه نگهبان فضیلت است. (ادیسون)

Causes of goiter formation: -low iodine in soil and water (mountainous areas) -goitrogens -increased need (adolescence,pregnancy, lactation)

عوامل موثردر پیدایش گواتر -کمبود ید آب وخاک -داروهای کاهش دهنده فعالیت تیروئید -حضور بیش ازاندازه مواد معدنی گواتروژن مانند کلسیم وفلوئور -اختلالات آنزیمی -مصرف زیاد غذاهایی مثل کلم،شلغم وکاساوا

Dietary Goitrogens: MechanismGoitrogen Foods Contain cyanogenic glucosides; they are metabolized to thiocyanates that compete with iodine for thyroidal uptake Cassava, lima beans, peanuts,linseed, sorghum, sweet potato Contains glucosinolates; metabolites compete with iodine for thyroidal uptake Cruciferous vegetables: cabbage, kale, cauliflower, broccoli, turnips, rapeseed,kelp Flavonoids impair thyroid peroxidase activity Soy, millet

Dietary Goitrogens: MechanismGoitrogen Nutrients Accumulated peroxides may damage the thyroid, and deiodinase deficiency impairs thyroid hormone synthesis Selenium deficiency Reduces heme-dependent thyroperoxidase activity in the thyroid and may blunt the efficacy of iodine prophylaxis Iron deficiency Increases TSH stimulation and goiter through decreased vitamin A-mediated suppression of the pituitary TSHβ gene Vitamin A deficiency

کرتینیسم -اختلال روانی -فلج اسپاستیک قرینه دو اندام یا فلج دست و پاها -کری -اختلال تکلم -راه رفتن همراه باکشیدن پاها بر زمین -قد کوتاه -هیپوتیروئیدیسم -آسیب های مغزی بادرجه های مختلف

Neuropsychointellectual Deficits in Infants and Schoolchildren in Conditions of Mild to Moderate Iodine Deficiency Lower psychomotor and mental development than controls Spain Lower capacities learningIndia Retardation in psychomotor developmentIran

Recommended Dietary Allowances Age(years) RDA(µg) Infants children Pregnant lactating 1 st 6 mo 2 nd 6 mo

Table 1: Recommendations for iodine intake (µg/day) by age or population group World Health Organization (ref.1) Age or population group c U.S. Institute of Medicine (ref.5) Age or population group a 90Children 0-5 years Infants 0–12 months b 120Children 6-12 years 90Children 1-8 years 120Children 9-13 years 150Adults >12 years 150Adults ≥14 years 250Pregnancy220Pregnancy 250Lactation290Lactation

میزان ید افزوده(به ازائ هر گرم نمک) وضعیت ید دفعی در ادرار 50 کمبود شدید کمتر از کمبود متوسط کمبود خفیف طبیعی بیش از 99 واحد ید افزوده ppm میباشد. واحد ید دفعی در ادرار میکروگرم به ازائ هر گرم کراتینین می باشد.

Food Sources -Iodized salt -- Seafoods(clams,lobsters,oysters, sardines &other Saltwater fish)

متدهای پیشنهادی افزایش یددرمناطق گواترخیز -افزودن یداید یا یدات به نمک -افزودن یداید یا یدات به نان -استفاده از قرصهای حاوی یداید پتاسیم یا یداید سدیم -تزریق ید روغنی

دلایل انتخاب نمک به عنوان حامل جهت مکمل سازی -افزودن ید به نمک آسان است. -اثرات جانبی ندارد. -نمک توسط هر شخصی روزانه مصرف می شود. -میزان مصرف درطبقات مختلف اجتماعی تفاوتی ندارد.

Toxicity - Decreased thyroid activity -Goiter -Thyrotoxicosis

خوشبختی یعنی هماهنگی آمال ما با حوادث روزگار