Aim: What well does the outcome of the French Revolution fit our “model” of revolutionary trajectory? Do Now: How do the Directory and Napoleonic period compare with the end of the English and American revolutions?

End of the revolutionary period Establishment of the new capitalist class as the ruling class Limitation of rights for the common people from the height of the revolution Difference: No elected government, instead “enlightened despotism” – the ruler is “the 1 st servant of the state”

What would you want as a bourgeois Frenchman under attack internally and externally?

Under attack internally and externally, what does the French bourgeoisie want? Stability, order, military victory, political control – protect the bourgeois revolution against return of the monarchy and against the demands of the common people The rise of Napoleon – bourgeoisie gives up direct political control to protect its other gains

What were the benefits of the Napoleonic period ( )?

What were the costs?

Napoleonic Empire, 1812

Route of Invasion of Russia

400,000 troops leave Germany, 10,000 troops return to France

Purposes of the Congress of Vienna / Concert of Europe Re-establish monarchies Restore conservative order Prevent revolutions through collective action Works for only a few decades….

Legacy of the Revolutionary period #1 Enlightenment ideas spread: revolution, rights, equality, consent of governed - conservatives can’t put the genie back in the bottle End of Divine Right, Absolutism, Feudalism Capitalist bourgeoisie becomes the leading class even where it doesn’t directly rule (exception: Latin America)

Legacy of the French Revolution #2 Common people play a decisive role in all revolutions, but their own gains are limited –Some Negative rights - freedom from government oppression –Few Positive rights – the poor stay poor Enlightened Despotism or Democracy? Order, progress, reason, rationality; Despots often gain popular support – “great men”

Legacy of the French Revolution #3 Rise of Nationalism – support for, loyalty towards, your nation