Myers’ PSYCHOLOGY (6th Ed) Chapter 11 Intelligence

Origins of Intelligence zMental Age ychronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance ychild who does as well as the average 8-year-old is said to have a mental age of 8

Origins of Intelligence zIntelligence Quotient (IQ) ydefined originally the ratio of mental age (ma) to chronological age (ca) multiplied by 100 xIQ = ma/ca x 100) yaverage performance for a given age is 100

What is Intelligence? zIntelligence ycapacity for goal-directed and adaptive behavior

Are There Multiple Intelligences? zGeneral Intelligence (g) yfactor that Spearman and others believed underlies specific mental abilities ymeasured by every task on an intelligence test

Are There Multiple Intelligences? zSavant Syndrome ycondition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an amazing specific skill xcomputation xdrawing

Are There Multiple Intelligences? zSocial Intelligence ythe know-how involved in comprehending social situations and managing oneself successfully zEmotional Intelligence zability to perceive, express, understand, and regulate emotions zcritical part of social intelligence

The Normal Curve Ninety-five percent of all people fall within 30 points of 100 Number of scores Wechsler intelligence score Sixty-eight percent of people score within 15 points above or below 100

The Dynamics of Intelligence zMental Retardation ya condition of limited mental ability yindicated by intelligence scores below 70 yvaries from mild to profound

Down Syndrome zMore common mental disability zcaused by an extra chromosome in genetic make-up zSymptoms include lower mental ability and physical attributes such as almond shaped eyes, rounder face and smaller chin

The Dynamics of Intelligence Degrees of Mental Retardation Level Typical Intelligence Scores Percentage of the Retarded Adaptation to Demands of Life Mild % May learn academic skills up to sixth-grade level. Adults may, with assistance, achieve self-supporting social and vocational skills. Moderate May progress to second-grade level academically. Adults may contribute to their own support by labor in sheltered workshops. Severe May learn to talk and perform simple work tasks under close supervision but are generally unable to profit from vocational training. Profound Below Require constant aid and supervision.

The Dynamics of Intelligence zCreativity ythe ability to produce novel and valuable ideas ycomponents of creativity xexpertise ximaginative thinking skills xventuresome personality xintrinsic motivation xcreative environment

Genetic Influences zThe most genetically similar people have the most similar scores Similarity of intelligence scores (correlation) Identical twins reared together Identical twins reared apart Fraternal twins reared together Siblings reared together Unrelated individuals reared together

Genetic Influences zHeritability ythe proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes yvariability depends on range of populations and environments studied

Genetic Influences years 16 years Child-parent correlation in verbal ability scores Children and their birth parents Adopted children and their birth parents Adopted children and their adoptive parents

Genetic Influences zThe Schooling Effect Grade 6 Grade 5 Grade Age in months IQ gains relative to grade 4 baseline

Genetic Influences zGroup differences and environmental impact Variation within group Difference within group Poor soilFertile soil Seeds

Genetic Influences zThe Mental Rotation Test of Spatial Abilities Which two circles contains configuration of blocks identical to the one in the circle at left? StandardResponses