סרטן מעי גס אבחון מוקדם מניעה טיפול מונע ד"ר הוברט אילה מנהלת המרכז לגידולים במערכת העיכול מכון שרת הדסה עין כרם.

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Presentation transcript:

סרטן מעי גס אבחון מוקדם מניעה טיפול מונע ד"ר הוברט אילה מנהלת המרכז לגידולים במערכת העיכול מכון שרת הדסה עין כרם

שכיחות סרטן מעי גס בישראל

סרטן מעי גס בישראל כל שנה מאובחנים 3379 מטופלים חדשים כסובלים מסרטן קולורקטלי סרטן מעי גס 931 סרטן החלחולת כל שנה מתים מהמחלה כ-1240 חולים. אין הבדל משמעותי בשכיחות בין גברים ונשים

* Relative risk compares risk of disease in people with “exposure” to risk of people without exposure. American Cancer Society. Colorectal cancer facts & figures Factors That Increase RiskRelative Risk* Heredity and Medical History Family history 1 first-degree relative More than 1 relative Relative with diagnosis before 45 yrs of age Inflammatory bowel disease Crohn’s disease Ulcerative colitis (colon) Diabetes1.2 Smoking1.2  Factors that decrease risk are physical activity (in colon cancer), calcium, and consumption of milk Major Risk Factors for CRC

Henry Lynch syndrome HNPCC- Hereditary Non Polyposis Colorectal Cancer 1: in the general population 3-5% of all CRC cases (<50Y %) 2-3% of all endometrial cancer cases (<50Y- 9% )

Henry Lynch syndrome HNPCC- Hereditary Non Polyposis Colorectal Cancer The genes that cause HNPCC are DNA repair genes. Microsatellites are repeated sequences of DNA In cells with mutations in DNA repair genes, they accumulate errors and become longer or shorter. The appearance of abnormally long or short microsatellites in an individual's DNA is referred to as microsatellite instability. About ninety percent of tumors from people who have HNPCC show microsatellite instability MSI-H (MMR-D). MSI-H leads to inactivation of tumor supressor genes.

Chemoprevention

Colorectal Cancer Adenoma to carcinoma pathway ASCO 2001

Screening

לצורך סקירה של כל מחלה בקרב אוכלוסיה נחוץ ש : 1. המחלה תהווה בעיה רפואית משמעותית. 2. קיים טיפול יעיל אם המחלה מתגלית מוקדם. 3. קיימת בדיקת סקירה רגישה וסגולית מקובלת על הנבדק והרופא. 4. הסקירה משתלמת כלכלית

Immunochemical method (iFOBT or FIT)—this method uses antibodies directed against human hemoglobin to detect blood in the stool

Colorectal Cancer Colonoscopy

Colonoscopy

Virtual colonoscopy 5 mm polyp colonoscopy virtual

surgery

Pre operative evaluation CT scan CEA Colonoscopy

כריתה לפרוסקופית

Rectal carcinoma

Level of tumor

T3 or N+:Rrectal cancer GoalsGoals –local control –sphincter preservation –quality of life Pre-operative Radiotherapy

Decline in the rates of local failure: 1980s–2000s Local failure (%) SURGERY only SURGERY  RTSURGERY  CTRTTME + RT/CTRT

Adjuvant chemotherapy כימותרפיה אדג'ובנטית טיפול מונע טיפול משלים

Tumor, Node, Metastasis Stage Grouping Stage Tumor (T) Lymph Nodes (N) Metastasis (M1)- 0 Tis N0 M0 I T1 N0 M0 T2 N0 M0 II T3 N0 M0 T4 N0 M0 III Any T N1 M0 Any T N2 M0 IV Any T Any N M1

Survival by surgical stage in colon cancer Surgical stage5-year survival (%) I85–95% II70–75% III45–55% IV<5% Adapted from O’Connell In: ASCO Educational Book 1994 Place for systemic therapy

טיפול מונע בשלב 3 מוכח חד משמעית במספר רב של מחקרים הטיפול כולל אוקסליפלטין ו5FU משך הטיפול הינו 6 חודשים. ישנה הורדה בשליש של הסיכון לחזרת המחלה.

הסיכון לפתח נוירופטיה כתוצאה מאוקסליפלטין דרגת הפגיעה FOLFOX4 arm בתום הטיפול לאחר (n=1108) שנה Grade 08.0%70% Grade 148.1%24% Grade 231.5%5% Grade 312.4%1% de Gramont et al (2003); Topham et al (2003)

שלב 2 הסיכון לחזרה נאמד ב 20-25%. במחקרים שהתפרסמו לאחרונה לגבי קבוצה זו: הסיכון לחזרה ירד מ 26% ל 22% וההישרדות השתפרה מ 77% ל 80% בחולים שקיבלו טיפול מונע. בבחירה של חולים המוגדרים "סיכון גבוה" בשלב 2 הרווח היחסי יהיה גבוה יותר. ההחלטה הסופית בידי החולה.

The 12-Gene Oncotype DX ® Colon Cancer Recurrence Score ® CELL CYCLE Ki-67 C-MYC MYBL2 ATP5E GPX1 PGK1 UBB VDAC2 GADD45B Recurrence Score STROMAL FAP INHBA BGN Reference Genes O’Connell et al JCO 28:3937 Kerr et al., ASCO 2009, #4000