Electronic configuration and the period table

Orbitals and the period table. The periodic table can be divided into the s block, p block and d block. The s block elements have their outermost electrons in an s orbital. The p block have their outermost electrons in a p orbital. The d block have their outermost electrons in a d orbital.

S block HHe LiBe NaMg KCa RbSr CsBa FrRa

P block BCNOFNe AlSiPSClAr GaGeAsSeBrKr InSnSbTeIXe TlPbBiPoAtRn

D block ScTiVCrMnFeCoNiCuZn YZrNbMoTcRuRhPdAgCd LaHfTaWReOsIrPtAuHg AcRfDbSgBhHsMt

Group 1 Li Na K Rb Cs Fr Group 2 Be Mg Ca Sr Ba Ra Group 7 F Cl Br I At All elements in the same group have the same number of electrons in their outer shell. Group 1 = 1 Group 2 = 2 Group 3 = 3 Group 4 = 4 Group 5 = 5 Group 6 = 6 Group 7= 7 Group 8 = 8 Group 3 B Al Ga In Tl Group 4 C Si Ge Sn Pb Group 5 N P As Sb Bi Group 6 O S Se Te Po Group 8 He Ne Ar Kr Xe Rn

Period 1 H1H1 He 2 Period 2 Li 3 Be 4 B5B5 C6C6 N7N7 O8O8 F9F9 Ne 10 Period 3 Na 11 Mg 12 Al 13 Si 14 P 15 S 16 Cl 17 Ar 18 As you go along the periodic table one electron is added to the outer shell for each element.

Period 1 H1H1 He 2 Period 2 Li 3 Be 4 B5B5 C6C6 N7N7 O8O8 F9F9 Ne 10 As you go along the first period the first shell of electrons is being filled. The first shell can hold no more than two electrons As you go along the second period the second shell is being filled. The second shell can take up to eight electrons.

Period 3 Na 11 Mg 12 Al 13 Si 14 P 15 S 16 Cl 17 Ar 18 Going along the third period the third shell is being filled. The third shell had two parts, the first can hold up to 8 electrons, the second an additional 10 electrons, making a total of 18. Sc +1 Ti +2 V +3 Cr +4 Mn +5 Fe +6 Co +7 Ni +8 Cu +9 Zn +10

KCaScTiVCr Mn FeCoNiCuZnGaGeAsSeBrKr The fourth row of the period table has three parts. The first part of the fourth period, where the first part of the fourth shell is being filled; Period 3 K 19 Ca 20 Ga 31 Ge 32 As 33 Se 34 Br 35 Kr 36 Sc 21 Ti 22 V 23 Cr 24 Mn 25 Fe 26 Co 27 Ni 28 Cu 29 Zn 30 The first row of the D Block, which belongs to the third shell. The second part of the fourth period belonging to the fourth shell.

Group 8 all have a complete outer shell, this makes them very stable and unreactive, hence they are called “inert” or “noble” gases. He 2 Helium has two electrons, so the first shell is full. Ne =10 Neon has 8 electrons, so the second shell is also full. Ar = 18 Argon has 18 electrons, only the first part of the third shell is full, but this is still very stable. Kr = 36 Krypton has 36 electrons, the third shell is full, as is the part of the fourth shell.