T HE C ELL M EMBRANE
O NLY 2 MOLECULES THICK, THIS MEMBRANE ALLOWS THE PASSAGE OF ESSENTIAL MOLECULES IN AND OUT OF THE CELL.
D EFINITION : A cell membrane functions as a selective barrier that allows sufficient passage of oxygen, nutrients, and wastes to service the entire volume of the cell. The cell membrane is located at the boundary of every cell. It is composed of phospholipids and proteins The membrane building blocks are phospholipids containing hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts. Every cell has a plasma membrane. Maintain a steady environment: Homeostasis
T HE C ELL M EMBRANE The fluid mosaic model (S.J Singer) it is semi-permeable (some items are allowed in, others aren’t..it’s picky!) fluid portion is a double layer of phospholipids, called the phospholipid bilayer
J OBS OF THE C ELL M EMBRANE ( THINK OF A POLICE OFFICER !) 1. To isolate the cytoplasm from the external environment. 2. Regulate the exchange of substances into and out of the cell. 3. To communicate with other cells. 4. To identify proteins required by the cell.
W HAT THE C ELL MEMBRANE IS MADE UP OF Phospholipids contain a hydrophilic head and a non- polar hydrophobic tail. Hydrophobic interactions force the "tails" to face inward. The heads are hydrophillic (like water) The tails are hydrophobic (afraid of water) Composed of a phospholipid bilayer with a collage of many different proteins, lipids and carbohydrates. A Phospholipid is composed of 1 glycerol molecule, 2 fatty acids and 1 phosphate group. This structure causes hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions.
DRAW AND LABEL! * *
L AYER MAKE - UP ! The phospholipids are not bonded to each other, instead the heads line up beside each other packed together like sardines. Because the heads are close together, the membrane is said to be fluid...it can bend and twist and break off to form vesicles.
L AYER M AKE - UP ! The membrane is also super strong thanks to cholesterol molecules that are embedded in the membrane makes it stronger.
S O HOW DO M OLECULES GO FROM THE C YTOPLASM TO THE E XTRACELLULAR FLUID ?
5 VERY IMPORTANT PROTEINS! 1. Channel Proteins - form small openings for molecules to diffuse through. There are two types of channel proteins (open channel proteins and gated channel proteins). Similar to a tunnel water slide...if the slide is open and you can fit...you can go through!
P ROTEINS P ROTEINS AND MORE P ROTEINS ! WOW! 2. Carrier or Transport Proteins- binding site on protein surface "grabs" certain molecules and pulls them into the cell.
P ROTEINS P ROTEINS AND MORE P ROTEINS ! WOW! 3. Receptor Proteins - molecular triggers that set off cell responses (such as release of hormones or opening of channel proteins). Must be activated on one side of the cell membrane, to release something on the other side.
P ROTEINS P ROTEINS AND MORE P ROTEINS ! WOW! 4. Cell Recognition Proteins - ID tags, to identify cells to the body's immune system. Very similar to security at the dance.
T HE LAST IMPORTANT P ROTEIN FOR NOW ! 5. Enzymatic Proteins - carry out metabolic reactions. There are different protein enzymes for every biochemical function in the body. These special proteins need to be activated before they are turned on.
Construction of a Cell Membrane online.com/objects/index_tj.asp?objID=AP1101