Historical Perspectives Professional Study Group Presentation Reading Instruction: Late 1960’s-1970’s Seminar in Reading April 3, 2008 Presenters: Katie Disney & Vergil Cato

Group Discussions/ Interactions: Small group interactions with KWL Charts: I. What we “Know” about reading instruction in the late 1960’s and 1970’s II. What we “Want” to know

KWL Chart Late 1960’s-1970’s KWL

Reading Focus: Late 1960’s-1970’s Look-say approach Contextualized Phonics instruction Reading instruction at high school, college, & adult levels Reading comprehension (making meaning vs. skill and drill) Reading in the content areas Remedial reading

Influential Theorists & Theories: Jeanne Chall  Phonics vs. Whole Language Bond and Dykstra  The First Grade Studies  No one method of instruction is best Kenneth Goodman- Miscue Analysis Bartlett  Schema Theory

Influential Theorists & Theories Cont’d: Rosenblatt  Transactional Reader/Response Theory Sociolinguistic Theory Psycholinguistic Theory Frank Smith Holdaway Dolores Durkin  Influenced comprehension instruction

Other Influential Reading Researchers: Lev Vygotsky  Social Constructivism  Zone of Proximal Development Albert Bandura  Social Learning Theory

Movements & Trends Influencing Literacy Value placed on reading research Interest in reading disabilities grew School Libraries were funded Trade books were being utilized to increase reading in the content areas

Movements & Trends Influencing Literacy Cont’d Single component tests were developed to test comprehension and knowledge of phonics  Mastery Learning Movement  Criterion-referenced tests  Curriculum-embedded assessments Challenges  Philosophy  Pedagogy- harder texts, more phonics, and skill development programs

Political, Social, & Economic Influences: The Center for the Study of Reading focused its attention on comprehension Commissioner of Education- National Right to Read Program Sesame Street and Star Wars were released Public law  Education for all students with disabilities

Seminal Study: Dolores, D. ( ). What classroom observations reveal about reading comprehension instruction.  Reading comprehension instruction or lack of  Grades 3-6  More written work/ less comprehension instruction

Other Seminal Studies of Interest: Chomsky, N. (1965). Aspects of a theory of syntax. Durkin, D. (1966). Children who read early. Goodman, K. (1967). Reading: a psycholinguistic guessing game. Smith, F. (1971). Understanding reading.

Wrap-Up: KWL I. What we “Learned” about reading instruction in the late 1960’s & 1970’s II. Sharing III. Conclusion