An ergonomic approach to CALL motivation The Dynamic, Polytomic and Weighted model (DPW) Françoise Raby LIDILEM & IUFM de Grenoble Grenoble University – France 11/08/20102 Francoise RABY - CALL MOTIVATION- Antwerp-2010

Introduction 11/08/2010 Francoise RABY - CALL MOTIVATION- Antwerp

Outline Part one -Introducing the ergonomic approach, an overview – Theoretical foundations – The ergonomic research method Part two CALL motivation in an ergonomic perspective – On the way to CALL motivation – The Dynamic, Polytomic and Weighted model 11/08/20104 Francoise RABY - CALL MOTIVATION- Antwerp-2010

Part one : the cognitive ergonomic approach The ergonomic approach, an overview – Ergonomics: an overview – Grounding ergonomics – The ergonomic research methodology and model 11/08/2010 Francoise RABY - CALL MOTIVATION- Antwerp

The cognitive ergonomic user-centred approach (Norman, 1993, 1999; Leplat, 2003, Bertin & &al, 2009 ) An overview The Human factors versus the ergonomic approach Cognitive ergonomics based on – Mental activity (work) – In sophisticated, complex environments : a lot different intelligences interplay – The Task/Activity pair: a powerful construct, dynamic and integrative 11/08/2010 Francoise RABY - CALL MOTIVATION- Antwerp

The cognitive ergonomic user-centred approach (Norman, 1993, 1999; Leplat, 2003, Bertin & &al, 2009) Grounding CALL ergonomics – Mediated activities (Piaget, 1963, 1965; Vytgotsky, 1978; Leontiev, 1988) – In educational contexts (Lantolf & Thorne, 2006; Blin, 2005: Bertin, 2002) – From work environment to work arrangement (dispositif) (Raby, 2009) 11/08/2010 Francoise RABY - CALL MOTIVATION- Antwerp

An ergonomic methodology and model An applied research An open and integrative theoretical framework because it opens up towards to new conceptualizations 11/08/2010 Francoise RABY - CALL MOTIVATION- Antwerp

An empirical blended methodology (Matalon, 1999; Leplat, 2000, Dörnyei, 2007) Dynamic, longitudinal studies. When you introduce an innovation, you solve some problems but you generate new ones. A comprehensive approach and a blended methodology Importance of behaviours and the “descriptive” stage: the self- confrontation methodology Importance of research tools which helps overcome the researcher’s biases The field has the upper hand over the theory A non prescriptive approach: agents have their own motives and rationality The target language plays an important role: the content matters not just the organisation of work. 11/08/2010 Francoise RABY - CALL MOTIVATION- Antwerp

An open and integrative theoretical construct To meet the challenge of triangulation A socio-cognitive-linguistic frameworksocio-cognitive-linguistic framework 11/08/2010 Francoise RABY - CALL MOTIVATION- Antwerp

Part two : Toward the DPW construct of CALL motivation Building up a motivational CALL construct First implementation of the construct : teachers ‘ motivation in CALL contexts A serendipitous trip to demotivation ESCALE : motivation is weighted and polytomic 11/08/2010 Francoise RABY - CALL MOTIVATION- Antwerp

Building up a motivational construct Factors influencing motivation in CALL context An ergonomic, dynamic motivational construct 11/08/2010 Francoise RABY - CALL MOTIVATION- Antwerp

Motivational factors in CALL situations Main theories (for a review see Dörney, 2001, 2005, 2008). – The theories that have inspired our empirical work are self determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 1982, 1985), Wallerand (1997); goal theory (Dweck, 1989, 1996; Maher & Braskamp, 1986; Norton, 1984); self efficacy theory (Bandura, 1980, 1993, 2002); Work motivation (Frances, 1995, Julkunen, 1999, 2001, Hackerman,) and the ideal self theory (Dörnyei & Ushioda, Eds, 2009) 11/08/2010 Francoise RABY - CALL MOTIVATION- Antwerp

The ergonomic, dynamic motivational construct The construct 11/08/2010 Francoise RABY - CALL MOTIVATION- Antwerp

First implementation: teachers motivation in CALL contexts Cognitive, volitional and affective personal traits interact with external sources fostering work arrangements – Cognitive findings – Motivational findings – Interplay lead to new conceptualizations Highly dynamic environments Motivational dissonance 11/08/2010 Francoise RABY - CALL MOTIVATION- Antwerp

A serendipitous trip to the world of demotivation The TELL ME MORE self assisted language learning project From high expectations to demotivation The symbolical value of technology and the ideal self (Dörnyei & Ushoida, 2009; Norton, 1995; Marcus, 2006; Higgins, 1987) 11/08/2010 Francoise RABY - CALL MOTIVATION- Antwerp

ESCALE : towards a polytomic and weighted construct The weighted construct The polytomic construct 11/08/2010 Francoise RABY - CALL MOTIVATION- Antwerp

ESCALE - Motivational factors are weighted and polytomic Technology is weighted It plays different enhancing functions – The hook function – The regulative function – The restore function – The creative function – The communicative function Technology, like Aesopus’s tongue, is polytomic 11/08/2010 Francoise RABY - CALL MOTIVATION- Antwerp

Far from concluding Summary of our main findings – Technology is less important than the pedagogical project – Technology plays an important role during task execution because it may help or hamper work- regulation – Technology assumes a high symbolical value in work situations and the creation of work arrangements 11/08/2010 Francoise RABY - CALL MOTIVATION- Antwerp

11/08/2010 Francoise RABY - CALL MOTIVATION- Antwerp “are not your suffering from the dychotomic syndrom?” “What of CALL work motivation in the Web2 world ?!” Food for discussion.....