The EnLIGHTenment Chapter 6.1 & 6.2

In the Dark Before the Enlightenment, Europe was “in the dark” Few questioned the teachings of the church “Common sense” ruled

The Scientific Revolution ~1550s: scholars begin to question accepted beliefs Muslim texts translated Math rules! Printing press invented – spreads ideas

Scientific Method Rather than using “Common sense,” scholars use a logical way to GATHER and TEST data

Sci. Revolution Thinkers Copernicus/Galileo: the earth is not the center of the universe Newton: gravity – “everything in the universe is affected by the same force”

The Enlightenment “The Age of Reason” Apply reason to ALL aspects of society

Views on Government Hobbes Locke People are naturally selfish & wicked; need a strong ruler People are naturally reasonable; can learn to govern selves

Hobbes Locke Social contract: give up some rights to gain safety & security All people are free and have 3 natural rights….

Locke Locke’s Three Natural Rights: 1.Life 2.Liberty 3.Property …if the government can’t protect these rights, overthrow the government LIFE, LIBERTY, and the pursui… PROPERTY!

The power of one branch of government should be to “check” the other branches of government Checks and balances Montesquieu

Rousseau Monarchs and “regular” folks should all follow the same rules Civilization corrupts people’s natural goodness Inspired French Revolution

Beccaria Justice is supposed to keep order No torture of witnesses & suspects, cruel/unusual/excessive punishment, capital punishment Trials should be speedy & procedural

Women’s Roles Mary Wollstonecraft = women should be educated, participate in politics “If all men are born free, how is it that all women are born slaves?” –Mary Astell

Most Likely to…

Comic Strip – Living through it

Hobbes Locke Voltaire Montesquieu Rousseau BeccariaWollstonecraft Honorable mention: Copernicus, Galileo, Newton, The Church/Pope