17 Blood

After centrifuging, of the listed blood components, which contains the components of immune function? Plasma Buffy coat Erythrocytes Hematocrit Answer: b. Buffy coat © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

After centrifuging, of the listed blood components, which contains the components of immune function? Plasma Buffy coat Erythrocytes Hematocrit Answer: b. Buffy coat © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 3

A major function of the most common plasma protein, albumin, is ________. maintenance of plasma osmotic pressure buffering changes in plasma pH fighting foreign invaders both a and b Answer: d. both a and b © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

A major function of the most common plasma protein, albumin, is ________. maintenance of plasma osmotic pressure buffering changes in plasma pH fighting foreign invaders both a and b Answer: d. both a and b © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 5

Red blood cells are efficient oxygen transport cells Red blood cells are efficient oxygen transport cells. Of the following characteristics, which is the major contributor to the significant oxygen-carrying capacity of a red blood cell? Red blood cells lack mitochondria. Red blood cells don't divide. Red blood cells are biconcave discs. Red blood cells contain myoglobin. Answer: c. Red blood cells are biconcave discs. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

Red blood cells are efficient oxygen transport cells Red blood cells are efficient oxygen transport cells. Of the following characteristics, which is the major contributor to the significant oxygen-carrying capacity of a red blood cell? Red blood cells lack mitochondria. Red blood cells don't divide. Red blood cells are biconcave discs. Red blood cells contain myoglobin. Answer: c. Red blood cells are biconcave discs. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 7

Each hemoglobin can transport ________ oxygen atoms. 4 40 400 4000 Answer: a. 4 © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

Each hemoglobin can transport ________ oxygen atoms. 4 40 400 4000 Answer: a. 4 © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 9

Oxygen binds to the _______ portion of hemoglobin. oxyhemoglobin iron atom amino acid Answer: c. iron atom © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

Oxygen binds to the _______ portion of hemoglobin. oxyhemoglobin iron atom amino acid Answer: c. iron atom © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 11

A patient with low iron levels would experience which of the following symptoms? An increased white blood cell count An increase in energy level An increase in fatigue A decreased white blood cell count Answer: c. An increase in fatigue © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

A patient with low iron levels would experience which of the following symptoms? An increased white blood cell count An increase in energy level An increase in fatigue A decreased white blood cell count Answer: c. An increase in fatigue © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 13

A hematopoietic stem cell will give rise to __________. erythrocytes leukocytes platelets all of the above Answer: d. all of the above © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

A hematopoietic stem cell will give rise to __________. erythrocytes leukocytes platelets all of the above Answer: d. all of the above © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 15

Predict the outcome of an overdose of the hormone erythropoietin. The blood viscosity increases to levels that may induce heart attacks or strokes. The oxygen-carrying capacity remains unchanged despite elevated red blood cell counts. Red blood cell counts remain unchanged, but the number of reticulocytes increases. Blood viscosity levels decrease while oxygen-carrying capacity increases. Answer: a. The blood viscosity increases to levels that may induce heart attacks or strokes. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

Predict the outcome of an overdose of the hormone erythropoietin. The blood viscosity increases to levels that may induce heart attacks or strokes. The oxygen-carrying capacity remains unchanged despite elevated red blood cell counts. Red blood cell counts remain unchanged, but the number of reticulocytes increases. Blood viscosity levels decrease while oxygen-carrying capacity increases. Answer: a. The blood viscosity increases to levels that may induce heart attacks or strokes. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 17

What response would you expect after traveling to high altitude for two weeks? Blood levels of oxygen would remain depressed for the duration. A surge in iron release from the liver would occur. The kidneys would secrete elevated amounts of erythropoietin. There would be no change in blood composition. Answer: c. The kidneys would secrete elevated amounts of erythropoietin. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

What response would you expect after traveling to high altitude for two weeks? Blood levels of oxygen would remain depressed for the duration. A surge in iron release from the liver would occur. The kidneys would secrete elevated amounts of erythropoietin. There would be no change in blood composition. Answer: c. The kidneys would secrete elevated amounts of erythropoietin. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 19

If a patient has pernicious anemia, the inability of the body to absorb vitamin B12, the patient ________. would have reduced blood iron levels would have a decreased number of red blood cells would have increased levels of hemoglobin would not experience any effects on red blood cells Answer: b. would have a decreased number of red blood cells © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

If a patient has pernicious anemia, the inability of the body to absorb vitamin B12, the patient ________. would have reduced blood iron levels would have a decreased number of red blood cells would have increased levels of hemoglobin would not experience any effects on red blood cells Answer: b. would have a decreased number of red blood cells © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 21

An elevated neutrophil count would be indicative of ________. an allergic reaction a cancer an acute bacterial infection a parasitic infection Answer: c. an acute bacterial infection © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

An elevated neutrophil count would be indicative of ________. an allergic reaction a cancer an acute bacterial infection a parasitic infection Answer: c. an acute bacterial infection © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 23

Antihistamines counter the actions of which white blood cells? Neutrophils Lymphocytes Basophils Eosinophils Answer: c. Basophils © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

Antihistamines counter the actions of which white blood cells? Neutrophils Lymphocytes Basophils Eosinophils Answer: c. Basophils © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 25

Leukemia is a general descriptor for which of the following disorders? An abnormally low white blood cell count Overproduction of abnormal leukocytes Elevated counts of normal neutrophils Overproduction of abnormal erythrocytes Answer: b. Overproduction of abnormal leukocytes © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

Leukemia is a general descriptor for which of the following disorders? An abnormally low white blood cell count Overproduction of abnormal leukocytes Elevated counts of normal neutrophils Overproduction of abnormal erythrocytes Answer: b. Overproduction of abnormal leukocytes © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 27

A ________ is the progenitor of platelets. thrombopoietin thrombocyte megakaryocyte thrombocytoblast Answer: c. megakaryocyte © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

A ________ is the progenitor of platelets. thrombopoietin thrombocyte megakaryocyte thrombocytoblast Answer: c. megakaryocyte © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 29

Why don't platelets form plugs in undamaged vessels? Platelets aren't formed until vessel damage occurs. Only contact of platelets with exposed collagen fibers and von Willebrand factor causes them to be sticky and form plugs. Plugs do form, but are removed by macrophages. Platelets don't form plugs, it is the megakaryocytes that form the plugs. Answer: b. Only contact of platelets with exposed collagen fibers and von Willebrand factor causes them to be sticky and form plugs. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

Why don't platelets form plugs in undamaged vessels? Platelets aren't formed until vessel damage occurs. Only contact of platelets with exposed collagen fibers and von Willebrand factor causes them to be sticky and form plugs. Plugs do form, but are removed by macrophages. Platelets don't form plugs, it is the megakaryocytes that form the plugs. Answer: b. Only contact of platelets with exposed collagen fibers and von Willebrand factor causes them to be sticky and form plugs. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 31

Activation of the extrinsic pathway of coagulation requires exposure of the blood to _________. collagen tissue factor III prothrombin activator serotonin Answer: b. tissue factor III © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

Activation of the extrinsic pathway of coagulation requires exposure of the blood to _________. collagen tissue factor III prothrombin activator serotonin Answer: b. tissue factor III © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 33

Why doesn't a clot fill the entire vasculature system once it has started forming? Rapid blood flow washes away and dilutes activated clotting factors. Thrombin is inactivated by antithrombin III if it enters the general circulation. Both a and b occur. Neither a nor b occurs. Answer: c. Both a and b occur. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

Why doesn't a clot fill the entire vasculature system once it has started forming? Rapid blood flow washes away and dilutes activated clotting factors. Thrombin is inactivated by antithrombin III if it enters the general circulation. Both a and b occur. Neither a nor b occurs. Answer: c. Both a and b occur. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 35

An injectable heparin medication might be prescribed for a patient who ________. is at risk for embolism has thrombocytopenia is a hemophiliac has a deficiency in a clotting factor Answer: a. is at risk for embolism © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

An injectable heparin medication might be prescribed for a patient who ________. is at risk for embolism has thrombocytopenia is a hemophiliac has a deficiency in a clotting factor Answer: a. is at risk for embolism © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 37

Which bleeding disorder is caused by any condition that suppresses or destroys the red bone marrow? Hemophilia A Thrombocytopenia Hemophilia C Disseminated intravascular coagulation Answer: b. Thrombocytopenia © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

Which bleeding disorder is caused by any condition that suppresses or destroys the red bone marrow? Hemophilia A Thrombocytopenia Hemophilia C Disseminated intravascular coagulation Answer: b. Thrombocytopenia © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 39

Which agglutinins are naturally present in someone who is B+? Anti-A Anti-B Anti-A + Anti-Rh Anti-B + Anti-Rh Answer: a. Anti-A © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

Which agglutinins are naturally present in someone who is B+? Anti-A Anti-B Anti-A + Anti-Rh Anti-B + Anti-Rh Answer: a. Anti-A © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 41

What is the preferred choice for restoring blood volume? Purified human serum albumin Hetastarch Dextran Normal saline Answer: d. Normal saline © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

What is the preferred choice for restoring blood volume? Purified human serum albumin Hetastarch Dextran Normal saline Answer: d. Normal saline © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 43