The Early Years of Development. Discussion of Text and background information to colonial development Presentation: Development as an Objective in the.

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Presentation transcript:

The Early Years of Development

Discussion of Text and background information to colonial development Presentation: Development as an Objective in the Early United Nations (Hauke Meier, Mark Härtel)

League of Nations ( ) Peace through collective security International technical cooperation

League of Nations: technical assistance Internationalizes notion of „development“ Colonialism belongs to past (?) Establishes categories (undeveloped – developed) based upon earlier notions of „civilized“ versus „barbaric“ or „unvicilized“ Emergence of the „development expert“ Focus areas of technical assistance

China: a case in point : about 30 experts: education, transport, agriculture Expert recommendations for agrarian development Role of Chinese government

Colonial Development: France Albert Sarraut (minister of colonies) calls for action program (1921) Limited funds for colonial development by Paris towards the end of the decade 1930s: tension between conflicting goals: keep colonial societies as they are (stability, no threat to existing order) versus need to legitimize colonial rule and extract resources in times of economic crisis

Colonial Development: France World War II: struggle for freedom and democracy – contributions by colonial soldiers Postwar: major development efforts in the field of education, health, legal system, equal treatment of colonial subjects and expats Rationale: development as legitimizing instrument of colonialism; response to strikes, social unrest

Illustration: The Office du Niger in Mali (1932-present)

Fact Sheet Sources: Schreyger (1984); Aw/Diemer (2005); World Bank Archives

Emile Bélime La Production du Coton (Paris 1925) Map: Les travaux du Niger (Paris 1940)

Beginnings (Left: brick production for model village; right: village) Founding of the Office du Niger 1932

Office du Niger (1940)

Mechanics of Development: Inside the Office du Niger ( Photos from the Movie „L‘Homme du Niger“, France 1940)

Postwar Colonial Development (African Soldiers – World War II) Struggle for freedom Anticolonial international environment Legitimacy and Stability

“La grande illusion” (left: spare parts, Tanganijka groundnut scheme; right: Office du Niger)

Decolonization

Colonial Development: Great Britian

1928: Colonial Development Act: colonies can apply for loans Little impact due to Great Depression 1940: Colonial Development and Welfare Act Background: unrest and chaos in Jamaica; desire to impress US

French and British development assistance,