Essay Writing Terms Please fill out the notes you have been given. This will be on your test!

characterization : (1) the explicit presentation by the author of the character through direct exposition, either in an introductory block or more often piecemeal throughout the work, illustrated by action;

characterization : 2) the presentation of the character in action, with little or no explicit comment by the author, in the expectation that the reader can deduce the attributes of the actor from the actions;

characterization : (3) the representation from within a character, without comment by the author, of the impact of actions and emotions on the character's inner self.

concrete image an object or thing that can be experienced with the senses

figurative language: speech or writing that departs from literal meaning in order to achieve a special effect or meaning, speech or writing employing figures of speech

Tone the reason for which something exists or is done, made, used, etc. an intended or desired result; end; aim; goal.

Ethical/Ethics Ethos-The distinguishing character, beliefs or moral nature of a person, group, or institution.

Emotions Pathos-In its rhetorical sense, pathos is a writer or speaker's attempt to inspire an emotional reaction in an audience--usually a deep feeling of suffering, but sometimes joy, pride, anger, humor, patriotism, or any of a dozen other emotions.

Logic Logos-following Aristotle, persuasion that uses an appeal to logical arguments that requires one to draw one’s own conclusion based upon the argument presented

irony: the discrepancy between what is said and what is meant, what is said and what is done, what is expected or intended and what happens, what is meant or said and what others understand.

situational irony: exists when there is an incongruity between what is expected to happen and what actually happens due to forces beyond human comprehension or control.

dramatic irony: a discrepancy between what a character believes or says and what the reader or audience member knows to be true.

Diction style of speaking or writing as dependent upon choice of words.

Aesthetic effect an effect regarding the philosophy of beauty or the pleasing qualities of something.

Syntax the grammatical arrangement of words in sentences

Syllogism a form of reasoning in which two statements or premises are made and a logical conclusion is drawn from them; a form of deductive reasoning.

dialogue 1.conversation between two or more persons. 2.the conversation between characters in a novel, drama, etc. 3.an exchange of ideas or opinions on a particular issue

clarity clearness or lucidity as to perception or understanding; freedom from indistinctness or ambiguity.

rhetorical device is a technique that an author or speaker uses to evoke an emotional response in his audience (his reader(s) or listener(s))emotional

Basic types of persuasive speech There are 3!

Speeches of fact. Here, you try to prove that something is or is not so, or that something did or did not happen. “Our candidate has always supported more money for education” would be a thesis for a persuasive speech of fact.

Speeches of value In this type of persuasive speech, you try to prove good or bad, better or worse. “This movie is superior to its sequel” would be a thesis for a persuasive speech of value.

Speeches of policy. In this case, you try to prove that something should or should not be done. “You should buy only American- made goods” would be a suitable thesis for a speech of policy.

Narration the act or process or an instance of telling in detail

Exposition Writing or speech primarily intended to convey information or to explain; a detailed statement or explanation; explanatory treatise(in a play, novel, etc.) dialogue, description, etc., that gives the audience or reader the background of the characters and the present situation

Persuasion The type of speaking or writing that is intended to make its audience adopt a certain opinion or pursue an action or do both.

Parallelism In grammar, parallelism is a balance of two or more similar words, phrases, or clauses. Compare the following examples: Lacking parallelism: She likes cooking, jogging, and to read. Parallel: She likes cooking, jogging, and reading.

Repetition Repetition of a sound, syllable, word, phrase, line, stanza, or metrical pattern is a basic unifying device in all poetry.

analogy a similarity between like features of two things, on which a comparison may be based