Settling the Middle Colonies

New Netherlands & New Sweden New Netherlands settled by Dutch West India Co Fur trade Buy Manhattan Island from Indians Peter Stuyvesant New Amsterdam – a “company town” Aristocratic, diverse Wall Street – Indian defense New Sweden falls to Stuyvesant – absorbed by Dutch into New Netherland

New York Manors & Land Grants Patroonships New York Manors & Land Grants Patroonships Land granted to promoters who agreed to settle 50 people.

New Amsterdam

PeterStuyvesantPeterStuyvesant Duke of York Duke English see Dutch as intruders 1664, Charles II grants area to brother, Duke of York Stuyvesant surrenders easily New Amsterdam renamed New York Dutch influence survived though: –A–Autocratic, aristocratic –H–Harlem, Brooklyn –E–Easter eggs, Santa Claus, bowling, skating, sleighing, golf

William Penn The “Holy Experiment” “Religious Society of Friends” The Quakers Why are the Quakers seen as so offensive by authorities? How did William Penn get the PA land grant? How did he encourage settlers to come?

Penn & Native Americans Fair treatment Bought land from Indians Amicable relations PA most successful colony!

Quaker Pennsylvania Philadelphia (“City of Brotherly Love”) well- planned out; becomes largest colonial city Representative assembly elected by landowners No tax-supported church / freedom of worship to all (except Catholics/Jews) No military defense established - pacifists No restrictions on immigration Anti-slavery – THE FIRST ABOLITIONISTS! Diverse mix of ethnic groups Liberal/modern – but still some “blue laws” New Jersey – Proprietors, 1664 Delaware

Urban Population Growth

Ethnic Groups English largest, followed by Germans & Scots-Irish

Lack of distinctive institution like Southern slavery or New England town meetings –Not ruled by wealthy planters like South nor by the church like New England Characterized by diversity, religious tolerance Cash crops – grains; “Bread colonies” Ironworks – Pittsburgh area Settlement of interior, not just coastal area - river access to back country for trade Internal Conflicts: –Leisler’s Rebellion – NY, 1689 anti-BR sentiment –Zenger’s trial*** – NY, 1734 Freedom of the press Truth is absolute defense to libel (contrary to BR law) –Paxton Boy’s uprising – PA, 1764 Another east-west conflict like Bacon’s! “The Middle Way”