3.052 Nanomechanics of Materials and Biomaterials Prof. Christine Ortiz DMSE, RM Phone : (617) WWW : LECTURE # 1 : INTRODUCTION TO NANOMECHANICS
Basics of Nanotechnology Readings : 1. "There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom," Richard P. Feynman's Classic Nanotechnology Talk (1959, APS-Caltech); 2. “Engines of Creation : The Coming Era of Nanotechnology,” K. Eric. Drexler, Anchor Books, Doubleday, 1986 (Chapter 1) Specific Definition : “Molecular Manufacturing” Broad Definition : Electron-microscope image of the world's smallest guitar, based roughly on the design for the Fender Stratocaster, a popular electric guitar. Its length is 10 millionths of a meter-- approximately the size of a red blood cell and about 1/20th the width of a single human hair. Its strings have a width of about 50 billionths of a meter (the size of approximately 100 atoms). Plucking the tiny strings would produce a high-pitched sound at the inaudible frequency of approximately 10 megahertz. Made by Cornell researchers with a single silicon crystal, this tiny guitar is a playful example of nanotechnology, in which scientists are building machines and structures on the scale of billionths of a meter to perform useful technological functions and study processes at the submicroscopic level. ( Dustin W. Carr and Harold G. Craighead, Cornell.) “Nanostructure”
Nanostructured Materials (* Bone Self-Assembling Monolayer Nanoporous Alumina Membrane
Nanostructured Materials “Bottom-Up Manufacturing”“Top-Down Manufacturing”
What is Nanomechanics ?
Summary of Length Scales (m) Biological Sciences Materials Sciences atomic radii covalent bond 0.1 nm width of DNA, small globular proteins 2 nm hemoglobin 6.6 nm bacteria, internal organelles 1 m cell 50 m height of a human being 1m length of a blue whale height of Mt. Everest 8848 m diameter of the earth size of of a bee atomic nucleus proton, neutron virus radius of AFM probe tip size of C 60 molecule, diameter of carbon nanotube, suprmolecular chemistry, colloidal particles, nanolithography microelectro mechanical systems (MEMS), micro-contact printing, integrated circuit transistor length of a Boeing 767 airplane height of NYC World Trade Center quark traditional man-made materials and structures length of the Great Wall of China size of the universe electron crystal grains smallest observable feature of human eye, thickness of human hair integrated circuit chip grain of sand
WHY STUDY NANOMECHANICS ? THREE EXAMPLES FROM BIOLOGY
Inflammatory Response : Cell Rolling and Adhesion
Muscle Elasticity (*MARSZALEK, et. al Nature 402, (1999)) (*Cell and Molecular Biology, G. Karp) SARCOMERE TITIN Actin TITIN Myosin Nebulin
Packing the Genome DNA simulation (*FEBS Lett. 371: )
Packing the Genome
WHY STUDY NANOMECHANICS ? THREE EXAMPLES FROM MATERIALS SCIENCE
Performance of Computer Hard Disks
Computer Head-Disk Interface 2 mm slider head flexure suspension arm flying height nm read / write element hard disk recording head surface roughness nm
Properties of Colloids Silica sphere glued to an AFM-probe tip (*
Macroscopic Mechanical Properties of Materials Non-Linear, Entropic Elasticity of Polymer Networks Rubber Elasticity F r F chain F F F More Disorder Less Disorder Entropy - a natural law that expresses the driving force towards disorder random coil
A Typical High-Resolution Force Spectroscopy Technique : General Components sensor output sample high-resolution force transducer displacement detection system high-resolution displacement control computer controls system performs data acquisition, display, and analysis z prob e