Copyright ©2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Theoretical Perspectives

Copyright ©2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Psychodynamic Perspective Freudian Psychoanalytic Theory Sigmund Freud ( ) ©

Psychoanalytic Personality Structure Id In Freudian theory, the ID is the instinctive, inborn part of personality. Copyright ©2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Psychoanalytic Personality Structure Id Ego In Freudian theory, The EGO is the center of conscious awareness. Copyright ©2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Superego Psychoanalytic Personality Structure Id Ego In Freudian theory, the SUPEREGO controls the ego’s pursuit of the id’s desires. Copyright ©2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Freud’s psychosexual stages  _____ (0 to 18 months) - focus on stimulation of the mouth  ____ (18 months to 3 years) - toilet training  _____ (3 to 5 years) - focus on genital area Oedipal and Electra complexes  _____ (5 to 12 years) - halt in development  ______ (12 years to adulthood) - focus on mature sexual relationships

Copyright ©2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Psychodynamic Therapies ____________ - saying whatever comes to mind Dream interpretation (______________________________)

Copyright ©2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Humanistic Perspective Person-Centered Theory (Rogers)  Treat clients with _______________________________ _____________________  Client-centered therapy _____________________ (Maslow)  helping clients reach full potential

Copyright ©2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. _______________ Perspective Individuals are influenced by people, social institutions, and social forces.

Copyright ©2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Family Perspective - Abnormality caused by ________________________________ _______________________________ Treatment approaches:  Family therapy  Group therapy  Milieu therapy

Copyright ©2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Behavioral Perspective Classical Conditioning (Pavlov)  Stimulus __________ – respond the same way to similar stimuli  Stimulus ___________ – respond differently to similar stimuli  __________ Conditioning – pairing an unpleasant stimulus

Copyright ©2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Behavioral Perspective Operant Conditioning  Primary reinforcers vs. secondary reinforcers  Positive vs. negative reinforcement – ____________ behavior/response  Punishment – _____________________  _________ (occurs with classical or operant) – cessation of behavior  Shaping – ____________________

Copyright ©2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Behavioral Perspective Treatment:  _____________ – replacing undesired response with acceptable response  Systematic Desensitization – replace ____________________________  ___________ Management – rewarding client for desired behaviors  _________________ – earning secondary reinforcers

Copyright ©2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Cognitive Perspective Treatment focuses on  Automatic thoughts  Dysfunctional attitudes

Copyright ©2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Biological Perspective Biological perspective: disturbances in emotions, behavior, and cognitive processes are viewed as being caused by abnormalities in the functioning of the body. ______________________________ ___________ ________________

Copyright ©2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Treatment: Somatic Therapies  Psychosurgery  Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)  Medication  Biofeedback - learn to control various bodily reactions

Copyright ©2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Biopsychosocial Perspectives: An Integrative Approach Most clinicians now identify themselves as integrative or eclectic. The therapist views client needs from multiple perspectives and develops appropriate treatment plan.