INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES.

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Presentation transcript:

INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES

What is Psychology? The scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

Where did the science of psychology come from? "Trinity" by Orlando Tisato

Theology – “Messages from the Gods” "... it is by no means to everyone that the gods grant a clear sight of themselves." [Homer, Odyssey ] Narcissus and Echo Narcissus was a youth possessed of incredible beauty, and while everyone who saw him loved him, males as well as females, he spurned them all through pride. The hapless nymph Echo, whom Hera had punished by turning her speech into a repetition of what others said, came across Narcissus in a glade and pleaded with him, using his own words, to love her. He rejected her. Artemis grew angry and caused him to fall in love with himself. Narcissus came to a clear pond and became enraptured when he saw his reflection. He sat down and gazed longingly at himself hour upon hour. At length he desperately killed himself with a knife, unable to bear his self-love, and where his blood fell grew up the narcissus flower, which has medicinal properties. Echo repeated his dying word, "Alas!"Narcissus and Echo

Greek Philosophers & The Golden Age (480 – 399)

The Physicalists - physical causes of neural and mental processes

Psychologists

Wundt – Structuralism

William James – Functionalism; “When two elementary brain-processes have been active together in immediate succession, one of them, on reoccurring, tends to propagate its excitement into the other” (James, 1890/1983, p. 534)

Sigmund Freud – Psychoanalysis

John Watson – Behaviorism;

Carl Rogers & Abraham Maslow – Humanism Rogers

Contemporary Psychology  Biological – nervous system, endocrine system, immune system, genetics  Psychodynamic – Freudian; unconscious influence  Behavioral – observable, laws of learning  Humanist – people naturally seek to self-actualize  Cognitive – mental processes  Cross-Cultural – cultural influence  Evolutionary Perspective -- survival of the fittest