Acquired Immunity: Humoral Response Distinction of Humoral versus Cell-Mediated Acquired Immunity Antigens and Antigenic Determinants: Non-self and MHC proteins Cell Types of the Humoral Response and How they Develop B and T cell receptors and immunglobulins (antibodies) Antibody Structure and Classes Activation of B cells and Clonal Selection Immunity and Secondary Response Time Antibody Actions Passive and Active Immunity Monoclonal Antibodies Players in the Cell Mediated Response Activation of Cytotoxic T and B cells via T H cells Other T cells and their function Tissue grafting Immune disorders: Allergies Immune disorders: Immunodeficiency
Acquired Immune System – Third Line of Defense Antigen specific – recognizes and acts against particular foreign substances Discerning -Recognizes “self” from “non-self” Systemic – not restricted to the initial infection site Has memory – recognizes and mounts a stronger attack on previously encountered pathogens The Acquired Immune System is:
Types of Acquired Immunity 1. Humoral Immunity Antibody-mediated immunity in blood and lymph Cells produce chemicals for defense 2. Cellular immunity of the Cell- Mediated Immune System Cell-mediated immunity Cells target virally infected cells
Acquired Immunity: Humoral Response Distinction of Humoral versus Cell-Mediated Acquired Immunity Antigens and Antigenic Determinants: Non-self and MHC proteins Cell Types of the Humoral Response and How they Develop B and T cell receptors and immunglobulins (antibodies) Antibody Structure and Classes Activation of B cells and Clonal Selection Immunity and Secondary Response Time Antibody Actions Passive and Active Immunity Monoclonal Antibodies Players in the Cell Mediated Response Activation of Cytotoxic T and B cells via T H cells Other T cells and their function Tissue grafting Immune disorders: Allergies Immune disorders: Immunodeficiency
Antigens (Nonself) Antigen: Any substance capable of exciting the immune system and provoking an immune response Examples of common antigens Foreign proteins Nucleic acids Large carbohydrates Some lipids Pollen grains Microorganisms Antigenic determinants: substances on the surface of antigens to which the immune system actually responds Receptor in the immune system that "fits" the antigenic determinant Antigen Antigens
Haptens Can Become Antigenic Haptens are small molecules that cannot elicit an antibody response. They can combine with carrier molecules within the body (like proteins) and become antigenic. Metals (e.g. nickel in jewelry), rubber, glue, preservatives, urushiol/quinone in poison ivy, halothane (anesthetic), some penicillin derivatives
Self-Antigens Human cells have many surface proteins called major histocompatability complexes (MHC). All body cells have MHC “name-tag” proteins to identify them as belonging to your body Our immune cells do not attack our own proteins Our cells in another person’s body can trigger an immune response because they are foreign Restricts donors for transplants
Acquired Immunity: Humoral Response Distinction of Humoral versus Cell-Mediated Acquired Immunity Antigens and Antigenic Determinants: Non-self and MHC proteins Cell Types of the Humoral Response and How they Develop B and T cell receptors and immunglobulins (antibodies) Antibody Structure and Classes Activation of B cells and Clonal Selection Immunity and Secondary Response Time Antibody Actions Passive and Active Immunity Monoclonal Antibodies Players in the Cell Mediated Response Activation of Cytotoxic T and B cells via T H cells Other T cells and their function Tissue grafting Immune disorders: Allergies Immune disorders: Immunodeficiency
Development of Lymphocytes T cell maturation and "education" Developing immunocompetence Positive selection: finding lymphocytes whose receptors bind to foreign antigens Negative selection: killing lymphocytes with receptors to “self” antigens like MHCs
Acquired Immunity: Humoral Response Distinction of Humoral versus Cell-Mediated Acquired Immunity Antigens and Antigenic Determinants: Non-self and MHC proteins Cell Types of the Humoral Response and How they Develop B and T cell receptors and immunglobulins (antibodies) Antibody Structure and Classes Activation of B cells and Clonal Selection Immunity and Secondary Response Time Antibody Actions Passive and Active Immunity Monoclonal Antibodies Players in the Cell Mediated Response Activation of Cytotoxic T and B cells via T H cells Other T cells and their function Tissue grafting Immune disorders: Allergies Immune disorders: Immunodeficiency
B Cell Receptors, T Cell Receptors, and Immunoglobulins B cell Secreted (Exported) Immunoglobulin or Antibody (Same V and C Regions as in B cell receptors) Variable (binding) regions Receptors on T Cells Constant regions Receptors on B cells T cell
Immunoglobulins and Receptors Bind To Antigens Agglutination of antigens
Different Classes of Antibodies
Acquired Immunity: Humoral Response Distinction of Humoral versus Cell-Mediated Acquired Immunity Antigens and Antigenic Determinants: Non-self and MHC proteins Cell Types of the Humoral Response and How they Develop B and T cell receptors and immunglobulins (antibodies) Antibody Structure and Classes Activation of B cells and Clonal Selection Immunity and Secondary Response Time Antibody Actions Passive and Active Immunity Monoclonal Antibodies Players in the Cell Mediated Response Activation of Cytotoxic T and B cells via T H cells Other T cells and their function Tissue grafting Immune disorders: Allergies Immune disorders: Immunodeficiency
Acquired Immunity: Humoral Response Distinction of Humoral versus Cell-Mediated Acquired Immunity Antigens and Antigenic Determinants: Non-self and MHC proteins Cell Types of the Humoral Response and How they Develop B and T cell receptors and immunglobulins (antibodies) Antibody Structure and Classes Activation of B cells and Clonal Selection Immunity and Secondary Response Time Antibody Actions Passive and Active Immunity Monoclonal Antibodies Players in the Cell Mediated Response Activation of Cytotoxic T and B cells via T H cells Other T cells and their function Tissue grafting Immune disorders: Allergies Immune disorders: Immunodeficiency
B Cell Activation and Clonal Selection Humoral immunity movie T cells are also activated by clonal selection during exposure to an antigen.