Repeaters, Hubs, Bridges, Switches, Routers & Gateways Created by: David Elwell Dorian Glassberg Alley Hennigan

Classified as “unintelligent” devices. Two of the simplest networking devices. Repeaters and Hubs

Inexpensive. Best used in a bus topology. Being phased out in modern networks. Repeaters

A repeater with more than one output port. Have an uplink port, that allows the hub to connect to another hub or another connectivity device. Hubs

Hubs do not separate collision domains

Operate at OSI layer 2* “Intelligent” devices Bridges and Switches

Divides a network into 2 No valid address, no data across the bridge Bridges

Same as Bridges, but usually have multiple ports Switches

Isolate data flow Improve performance

Multilayer Switch Layer 3 (Network) Switching Router = Microprocessor Multilayer Switch = Circuit Hardware

Bridges and Switches

Key devices for communication between networks Routers and Gateways

Gateways “Protocol converters” A network node used to interface between different networks Acts as an entrance to another network Routers are a special type of gateway

Routers Forwards data packets across computer networks Works almost exclusively at the third layer History: – Idea: 1972 by INWG – First model: 1981 through DARPA initiative Tiers: – Access – Distribution – Security – Core

Routers