Chapter 3 How do people adapt to their environment?

Stone Age  Used stones to make tools and weapons

Stone Age  Used stones to make tools and weapons  Paleolithic means “old stone” or Old Stone Age

Stone Age  Used stones to make tools and weapons  Paleolithic means “old stone” or Old Stone Age  2,500,000 B.C. – 8,000 B.C.

Nomads  Moved from place to place to survive and search for food

Nomads  Moved from place to place to survive and search for food  No roads, farms, or villages

Nomads  Moved from place to place to survive and search for food  No roads, farms, or villages  Moved in groups of 20-30

Nomads  Moved from place to place to survive and search for food  No roads, farms, or villages  Moved in groups of  Hunter – gatherers

Nomads  Searched for buffalo, bison, wild goats, reindeer, fish, nuts, berries, fruits, wild grains, green plants.

Nomads  Searched for buffalo, bison, wild goats, reindeer, fish, nuts, berries, fruits, wild grains, green plants.  Men hunted large animals far from camp – used clubs to kill or pushed animals off a cliff. Then learned to make tools or weapons. They also set traps.

Nomads  Searched for buffalo, bison, wild goats, reindeer, fish, nuts, berries, fruits, wild grains, green plants.  Men hunted large animals far from camp – used clubs to kill or pushed animals off a cliff. Then learned to make tools or weapons. They also set traps.  Women stayed at camp-usually near water- and watched after the kids and searched for nuts, berries, and grains.

Nomads  Searched for buffalo, bison, wild goats, reindeer, fish, nuts, berries, fruits, wild grains, green plants.  Men hunted large animals far from camp – used clubs to kill or pushed animals off a cliff. Then learned to make tools or weapons. They also set traps.  Women stayed at camp-usually near water- and watched after the kids and searched for nuts, berries, and grains.  Men and women worked together equally.

Technology  Tools & methods to perform tasks  Made devices from hard stone called “flint”  Made spears, bows, arrows, and fishhooks  Used animal hides for clothing and shelter or stayed in caves

Technology  FIRE – used for warmth, light, to scare off wild animals, chase animals from bushes, and cooking  Used by rubbing two pieces of wood together to cause friction.

Language & Art  Paleolithic people started expressing themselves through spoken word, like we use today, and art.

Language & Art  Paleolithic people started expressing themselves through spoken word, like we use today, and art.  There was still NO WRITTEN word. Paleolithic people expressed ideas through cave drawings (symbols, drawings, ect)

Ice Ages  Long periods of extreme cold  Threatened the lives of humans  They had to learn to use more fat in their diet  Made sturdier shelters and warmer clothes during these extreme cold times

Ice Ages  As the ice pieces grew larger, the sea levels lowered, exposing a strip of dry land that connected Asia to North America. This was known as a “land bridge”

Ice Ages  As the ice pieces grew larger, the sea levels lowered, exposing a strip of dry land that connected Asia to North America. This was known as a “land bridge”  The land bridge was used by people and animals to travel and settle in different regions

Ice Ages  As the ice pieces grew larger, the sea levels lowered, exposing a strip of dry land that connected Asia to North America. This was known as a “land bridge”  The land bridge was used by people and animals to travel and settle in different regions  The ice age forced Paleolithic people to adapt to their environment by changing their thinking. It lasted years and ended between BC.

Neolothic Age: The Agricultural Revolution  The Neolithic Age began when some, not all people began staying in one place to grow grains and vegetables; domesticate or tame animals for human use (transporting goods, providing meat, milk, or wool

Neolothic Age: The Agricultural Revolution  The Neolithic Age began when some, not all people began staying in one place to grow grains and vegetables; domesticate or tame animals for human use (transporting goods, providing meat, milk, or wool  Neolithic age lasted been BC

Neolothic Age: The Agricultural Revolution  The Neolithic Age began when some, not all people began staying in one place to grow grains and vegetables; domesticate or tame animals for human use (transporting goods, providing meat, milk, or wool  Neolithic age lasted been BC  Neolithic means “new stone”: stone tools were created and used during this time

Agricultural Revolution  Systematic farming (growing food on a regular basis) is known as Agricultural Revolution

Agricultural Revolution  Systematic farming (growing food on a regular basis) is known as Agricultural Revolution  Being able to grow and constant food supply allowed people to settle communities because the population was growing at a faster rate.

Agricultural Revolution  Systematic farming (growing food on a regular basis) is known as Agricultural Revolution  Being able to grow and constant food supply allowed people to settle communities because the population was growing at a faster rate.  Some historians consider the Agricultural Revolution to be the most important event in human history

Farming Timeline WhoWhenPlantsAnimals SW Asia8000 BCWheat/BarleyPigs, goats, cows, sheep Nile River6000 BCWheat/Barley India BCWheat/Barley Africa6000 BCYams/bananas China6000 BCMillet/riceDogs, Pigs Central America BCSquash/potatoesChicken, Dogs

Life in the Neolithic Age  People settled in villages near plants and water (especially rivers)  They built permanent homes  Jericho is one of the oldest Neolithic Communities  Catahuyuk – Story Time!

Life in Neolithic Age  As populations grew so did food supplies  Increased food supplies allowed communities to trade certain foods for others.  It also allowed for people to take on or specialize in different jobs other than farming  Weapon making  Jewelry making  Pottery to store grains  Basket/clothes making

Life in the Neolithic Age Gender Roles MenWomen `Worked in fields `Farmed and herded animals `bore children `made clothes, `managed supplies, `performed other tasks

Tools Created  Rakes  Sickles to cut grain  Millstones to grind flour  Some regions began working with copper

Tools Created  CRAFTSPEOPLE IN WESTERN ASIA DISCOVERED THAT MIXING COPPER AND TIN FORMED BRONZE. (3000 BC)- THIS MARKED THE BEGINNING OF THE BRONZE AGE!

Emerging Empires  By the beginning of the Bronze Age, communities were widespread.  4 great river valley civilizations were formed by the year 3000 BC All great civilizations share similar characteristics

Emerging Empires  By the beginning of the Bronze Age, communities were widespread.  4 great river valley civilizations were formed by the year 3000 BC 1. Mesopotamia All great civilizations share similar characteristics

Emerging Empires  By the beginning of the Bronze Age, communities were widespread.  4 great river valley civilizations were formed by the year 3000 BC 1. Mesopotamia 2.Egypt All great civilizations share similar characteristics

Emerging Empires  By the beginning of the Bronze Age, communities were widespread.  4 great river valley civilizations were formed by the year 3000 BC 1. Mesopotamia 2.Egypt 3.India All great civilizations share similar characteristics

Emerging Empires  By the beginning of the Bronze Age, communities were widespread.  4 great river valley civilizations were formed by the year 3000 BC 1. Mesopotamia 2.Egypt 3.India 4.China All great civilizations share similar characteristics

Shared Characteristics  Developed cities and formed governments  First governments formed were known as monarchy’s (ruled by a King or Queen)  Created armies

Religion  Early people believed that god’s were responsible for a communities survival  Rulers claimed that their power came from approval of god’s

Social Structure  Based on the type of work a person did and the amount of power or wealth they had. HighestMiddleLowest Rulers, priests, government officials, warriors Farmers, artisans, craftspeople Enslaved people who were captured in war

Writing and Art  People used symbols instead of letters and words to keep accurate records and preserve stories  Artists created paintings and sculptures portraying gods and forces of nature  Massive buildings were designed as places of worship or burial tombs for kings