Tips and Tricks for Legal Research Online

Amy Hale Janeke, JD, MLS Reference Librarian 5 th Circuit Court of Appeals Law Library A Program by

Why Tips and Tricks? Computers are only one of the tools you need to learn to use. Not everything is online and even if it is, sometimes it is hidden. This is especially true for legal information.

What Can I Use a Computer to Do? Find the law Find a case interpreting the law Find some factual information

What Is On-line? Some court decisions Court rules Most laws –But not the annotations to the laws (unless you are using a for-pay database) Some topic specific information Some forms

Who Can I Trust? When is the information updated? Who does the updating? What are the sources of information used to get the information? Sometimes you can weigh a website’s credibility by looking at who put the information on the web.

Who Can I Trust? Look for websites ending in:.gov – government.edu – educational institution Be wary of sites ending in:.com.net.biz

When to Use a Computer When you have a specific citation When you need the absolutely latest version of information

When Should I NOT Use a Computer? When you don’t have a specific citation When you don’t know what you are looking for When you are looking for info prior to the 80s

Examples of Citations Tex. Transp. Code § TX code citation 17 USCA federal code citation 487 U.S federal case citation

A motor vehicle shall be equipped with a device that is operated or controlled by the operator of the vehicle and that cleans moisture from the windshield. The device shall be maintained in good working condition. § Windshield Wipers Required

Example You need to find the TX law dealing with the open container law. You go online to the TX Legislature’s web site at and start searching…

Or you can Google it…

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Searching by Citation An easier, more efficient way to search is by using a direct citation. In this case, it would be Pen. Code §

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Open Container Example Elapsed time…roughly two minutes. You found the correct information and ended up at the same place as when you used the computer to search, but it took much less time. See why it is best you need to have a direct citation before going to the Web?

Law Portals A portal is a web page with links to several areas. One of the best nationwide for legal information is

Finding Cases On-line Supreme Court cases –State –Federal Appellate Court cases –State –Federal

Online Local courthouse only

Finding Cases On-line State Trial Level Cases Unpublished Cases You cannot find:

Supreme / Appellate Court Records Go back to 1997 for Supreme Court, 1998 for Court of Appeals Searchable by name or docket number

You can go directly to the TX Court’s web site

Or use the Findlaw.com portal again

What is the difference? The TX Court site isn’t search friendly. Findlaw.com allows searching in cases from both supreme and court of appeals.

Free Forms Online Where can you get them? Can you get them for all districts?

Free Forms Online

Now let’s switch to federal materials

When you watch a DVD, you will sometimes see this… Copyright Protection…… blah blah blah blah blah blah blah don’t copy this or we’ll hunt you down like a dog. Title 17 USC 501

Finding the US Code Online Several places to access it Contains law only, no cases

What if you want to look up a Supreme Court Case? Go to the Supreme Court’s official website:

Finding a 5 th Circuit Case

How do I find a law using keywords? The Library of Congress has a searchable database of bills and laws. You can search by date, topic, author, or number.

Other Cool Websites – Law Library Resource Xchangewww.llrx.com – Nolo Press, a self-help publisher of materials. Many Texas- specific books.

Free Handbook on Finding Legal Info Called Locating the Law, 4 th ed. Online - or print copies are $20. Written by law librarians Copyright free- use and disseminate all you like.

Suggested Readings The Complete Internet Handbook for Lawyers by Jerry Lawson or Lawyer’s Guide to Fact Finding on the Internet by Carole A. Levitt and Mark E. Rosch. The Invisible Web: Uncovering Search Information: Sources Search Engines Can’t See by Chris Sherman and Gary Price.

Suggested Readings Legal Research: How to Find & Understand the Law (7th ed.), Nolo Press, Locating the Law Handbook- free-

Legal Research What’s online and what’s not, Finding cases online, Finding laws online, and Cool legal research databases. Today you learned:

Websites Visited - Texas lawswww.capitol.state.tx.us/ - legal research portalwww.findlaw.com - Texas courtswww.courts.state.tx.us/ – Texas free legal help sitewww.texaslawhelp.org/TX/index.cfm - official US Code sitewww.gpoaccess.gov/ - Cornell’s legal sitewww.law.cornell.edu/uscode/ - Supreme Courtwww.supremecourtus.gov

Websites Visited con’t THOMAS (federal laws/bills) th Circuithttp:// - Ben’s guide to the gov’thttp://bensguide.gpo.gov/ - “Locating the Law”

Amy Hale Janeke, JD, MLS Reference Librarian 5 th Circuit Court of Appeals Law Library Thank you for your attention!