Scientific Method 1. Problem - based on observation 1. Problem - based on observation 2. Hypothesis - a prediction based on what you know. Testable 2. Hypothesis - a prediction based on what you know. Testable 3 Experimentation - test your hypothesis 3 Experimentation - test your hypothesis 4 Analysis - evaluate your results 4 Analysis - evaluate your results 5 Conclusion - if necessary, start over with a new experiment 5 Conclusion - if necessary, start over with a new experiment

Changing in an Experiment In an experiment that are different aspects that we change. In an experiment that are different aspects that we change. These are called VARIABLES These are called VARIABLES There are two main types of variables. There are two main types of variables.

Independent and dependent variables The Independent part is what you, the experimenter, changes or enacts in order to do your experiment. The Independent part is what you, the experimenter, changes or enacts in order to do your experiment. The dependent variable is what changes when the independent variable changes The dependent variable is what changes when the independent variable changes the dependent variable depends on the outcome of the independent variable. the dependent variable depends on the outcome of the independent variable.

Warm up cm to m cm to m mL to L mL to L 4.5 kg to g 4.5 kg to g 34 m to hm 34 m to hm 3.5 dL to cL 3.5 dL to cL 9.0 L to mL 9.0 L to mL 0.45 dag to g 0.45 dag to g 6.78 dm to dam 6.78 dm to dam m L 4500 g 0.34 hm 35 cL 9000 mL 4.5 g dam

Observe two objects Penny Penny Candle

Qualitative Observations Qualitative - a descriptive observation Qualitative - a descriptive observation EX: Qualitative description of a penny EX: Qualitative description of a penny Shiny Shiny Copper colored Copper colored Metallic Metallic Hard Hard EX: Qualitative description of a candle EX: Qualitative description of a candle Solid but soft Solid but soft White White Waxy Waxy Etc… Etc…

Quantitative Observations Quantitative - a numerical observation Quantitative - a numerical observation The penny The penny mass of 3.18g mass of 3.18g 1.90 cm diameter 1.90 cm diameter 0.3 mL in volume 0.3 mL in volume The candle The candle cm tall cm tall Mass of 37.65g Mass of 37.65g 14.8 mL in volume 14.8 mL in volume

Types of Observations Quantitative - a numerical observation Quantitative - a numerical observation The penny has a mass of 3.18 g, diameter of 1.52 cm, thickness of 3.3 mm The penny has a mass of 3.18 g, diameter of 1.52 cm, thickness of 3.3 mm The candle is cm tall, 74.3 mL in volume, has a mass of 47.9 g. The candle is cm tall, 74.3 mL in volume, has a mass of 47.9 g. Qualitative - a descriptive observation Qualitative - a descriptive observation The penny is shiny, metallic, hard The penny is shiny, metallic, hard The candle is solid, slick, white The candle is solid, slick, white