Biology 102A Organic Chemistry Notes

Journal 4 Complete the Venn diagram below: Acids Bases

What is organic chemistry?  The study of all compounds containing the element CARBON  Natural elements: make up 96% of the mass of a human: CARBON, HYDROGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN (CHON)  Trace elements: only needed in small amounts, called “minerals”:

What is a macromolecule?  A giant molecule made up of 100’s or 1000’s or smaller units called MONOMERS  Monomers link together to form large POLYMERS  formed by polymerization

The types of macromolecules: CARBOHYDRATES LIPIDS NUCLEIC ACIDS PROTEINS

CARBOHYDRATES  Made up of C,H,O  Used as main source of energy Two types:  Sugars: quick source of energy  Monosaccharide-simple sugar, disaccharide-2, polysaccharide-many  Ex: glucose, lactose, fructose, sucrose  Starches: many sugars linked together, source of energy breaking down slower  Used by plants for energy storage  Ex: potatoes, pasta, bread, grains

Starch Glucose Section 2-3 Figure 2-13 A Starch Go to Section:

LIPIDS  Made up mainly of C & H  Used to store energy, insulation & protection  Usually not soluble in water  Saturated: has maximum number of H bonds, usually solid at room temperature  Unsaturated: at least one double bond, causes “kinks”, usually liquid

PROTEINS  Made up of N,C,H, O  Made up of groups called amino acids (20 in nature)  proteins have a large variety of sizes & shapes  If the shape changes, it becomes a new protein  Ex: when you boil an egg, the protein changes color, shapej  Found in muscles, cellmembrane

Nucleic Acids  Made up of H,O,N,C & P  Store and transmit genetic information  Made up of nucleotides  Two types: DNA & RNA

Reinforcement 1.All organic compounds contain which element? a. calcium b. carbon c. chlorine 2.Is water an organic compound? a. yes b. no c. sometimes it is and sometimes not 3.Which macromolecule is made up of amino acids? a. carbohydrates b. lipids c. proteins 4.Starches & sugars are both examples of which macromolecules? a. carbohydrates b. lipids c. proteins 5.Fats & oils are both examples of which macromolecule? a. carbohydrates b. lipids c. proteins