How are hormones transported in the body?

What is an endocrine gland? Endocrine: secretes fluid into blood Exocrine: secrete fluid into a duct (ex: sweat)

For your hormone …… HOW DOES IT WORK? WHAT DOES IT DO? –Suggestion conversation topics: WHAT GLAND SECRETES (PRODUCES) IT? WHAT DOES IT CONTROL? WHAT DOES IT TARGET? WHAT EFFECT DOES IT HAVE? WHAT TRIGGERS ITS RELEASE?

ENDOCRINE GLANDS 1. PITUITARY GLAND

a. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) Tropic hormone (controls another gland) Growth & activity of thyroid gland  specifically controlling metabolism rate

What is a tropic hormone? a. A synthetic (“man-made”) hormone b. A hormone that triggers another endocrine gland to secrete its hormones c. Hormones that affect the gonads d. Hormones of the thyroid gland

b. Oxytocin- causes contractions c. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Diuresis = urine production causes kidneys to reabsorb water from the forming urine stimulus? caffeine inhibits ADH secretion

Which of the following is NOT a hormone secreted by the pituitary gland? a. Oxytocin b. ADH c. Thyroid-stimulating hormone d. Insulin

Summary of the pituitary Pituitary gland – considered the “master” gland We covered 3 of the 7 hormones it produces

2. PANCREAS

a. Insulin – regulates blood glucose levels. –Respond to rising blood glucose levels –Hyposecretion  high blood glucose levels …. Diabetes mellitus 1.Polyuria 2.Polydipsia 3.polyphagia

b. Glucagon regulates blood glucose levels responds to low blood glucose levels. Target: liver

3. GONADS A) OVARIES 1. Estrogens – stimulate secondary sex characteristics in females brings about menstrual cycle 2. Progesterone- brings about menstrual cycle. Quiets muscles of uterus during pregnancy Hyposecretion of either: infertility

What does hyposecretion mean? a. Produces too much b. Produces too little c. Secretes to a tropic hormone d. Is not controlled by a negative feedback mechanism

b) Testes 1. Androgens EX: testosterone– cause growth and maturation of reproductive system;secondary sex characteristics; sperm production in adult Hyposecretion = infertility testes

4. PLACENTA ( Temporary organ) 1. human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) – stimulates ovary to continue producing estrogen and progesterone

Aging and the endocrine glands Late middle age: efficiency of ovaries begins to decline  menopause GH declines = muscles atrophy Mildly hypothyroid Less able to resist stress/infection (due to thymus, glucocorticoids of adrenal and melatonin from pineal) Some decline in insulin production  diabetes (not responsible for this slide)