United Protective Technologies, LLC RAM VI 15 October 2013 _ Wear Resistant Carbon Coating Technologies

UPT Research 2 Specialty Coating Development Analytical and Testing Services EVIAC Whirling Arm Facility

Testing and Development Approach –Focus on Understanding Failure Modes –Creative Solutions Currently Available New Designs Mature Developed Solutions into Viable Products Multi-Discipline Staff –Mechanical, Electrical, Metallurgical, Chemical and Materials Engineers –Six Sigma Trained Team 6σ6σ 3

Why Thin Films? Thickness typically below design tolerances Control interface properties Improve specific material or interface attributes Thin films do not change bulk properties 4

SP 3 EC ™ Coating Technology Carbon Based Films Diamond-Like-Carbon Family Thin Film Coating (150nm-12μ) Dense, Multi-Layer Configurations Nanocrystalline Diamond(ta-C) to Amorphous Carbon (a-C:H) Matrix Extreme Wear Durability Excellent Tribological Properties Low Temperature PACVD Process 5

6 Coating Adhesion Testing ASTM C1624 Defines Cohesion/Adhesion Quantifies Durability Quality Control

Coating Adhesion Evaluation Adhesion Criteria: Delamination Spalling Crack Pattern Toughness Revetest –ASTM C1624 –Progressive Load –Constant Load VDI 3198 –Rockwell Indent 7

Wear Testing Ball on Disk ASTM G99 8 Steel Ball Steel Disk Optional Lubricant Rotate Load Areas of Contact During Test

ASTM G99 Testing Ball on Disk Wear Evaluation Ball-on-Disk Test Platform Loads up to 60 N Flexible Static Partners Variable Speeds Variable Environments Lubrication Outputs/Data Dynamic Friction Mass Loss Disk Static Partner

ASTM G99 Test Data (lubricated and dry) 10

Linear Wear Testing ASTM G133 Modified Ball-on-Disk Test Platform Loads up to 60 N Flexible Static Partners Variable Speeds Variable Environments Lubrication Outputs/Data Static and Dynamic Friction Mass Loss Disk Static Partner

Problem – Critical interface does not realign after vibration and shock cycle. Vibration and shock deforms spring loaded aluminum surface. Mating surface (ball) is 17-4 stainless steel. Method – Replicate condition in laboratory Develop and test coatings Low friction/self lubricating result Modifies aluminum/steel interface Near immeasurable wear rates Increased performance Self Centering/Fretting Interfaces 12 ASTM G133 Ball on Flat- Dry Test Bare Surfaces Coated Aluminum, Bare 17-4 Ball Coated Surfaces

Wear Testing Block on Ring ASTM G77 13 Steel Block Aluminum Ring Test Oil Contact Interfaces

Wiping Seals/Motors 14 ASTM G-77 Block-on-Ring Testing of SP 3 EC Coating on 6061 Aluminum vs. Other Internal Engine Component Coatings SP 3 EC™ coating provides protection for both materials in contact Falex Test Parameters Speed (rpm):2000 Temperature (ºC): 125 Load (lb): 44 – 60 – Duration (min):

Discussion Thank You! Jordan Larson Phone: