New Federal Guidelines for Collection of Ethnicity Data for Employees and Students Patrick Perry, Vice Chancellor Technology, Research & Information Systems Division (TRIS)

Consider Person A: u Born in Cypress, CA, Attended West HS u Father: l 50% Black/AfrAm l 25% Chinese l 25% Native American

Consider Person A: u Mother: l 50% Thai l 25% Chinese l 25% Dutch Caucasian

Making Person A: u 25% Chinese u 25% Thai u 25% Black/AfrAm u 12.5% Native American u 12.5% Dutch Caucasian u Refers to himself as “Cablinasian” (Caucasian/Black/Indian/Asian)

Person A u Then married a Swede and had two children, making each of them: l 56.25% Caucasian (9/16) l 12.5% Chinese (1/8) l 12.5% Thai (1/8) l 12.5% Black.Afr/Am (1/8) l 6.25% Native American (1/16)

So if you are Person A (or his kids)… u Using the “Old Method” of race/eth collection form…what do you check?

Consider Person B: u Born in Hawaii u Father: l 100% Black, African u Mother: l 100% White, Kansan u Parents met in a Russian class

Consider Person B: u Parents divorced at age 2 u Mother remarried an Indonesian student, and when Suharto came to power, family was forced to move to Jakarta u At age 10, returned to Hawaii and lived with white grandparents until leaving for college in California

Consider Person B: u Recalls “…that my father looked nothing like the people around me— that he was black as pitch, my mother white as milk—barely registered in my mind” and

Consider Person B: u “…the opportunity that Hawaii offered—to experience a variety of cultures in a climate of mutual respect—became an integral part of my world view, and a basis for the values that I hold most dear.“

So if you are Person B… u Using the “Old Method” of race/eth collection form…what do you check?

Persons A and B u Are two of the most recognizable people on the planet today.

We know Person A as: u The guy you don’t want to be paired with on the golf course on Sunday.

We know Person B as: u Mister President.

However… u We all know to judge a man not by the color of his skin, but by the content of his character… l or u Never judge a man by how well he drives off the tee, but by the accuracy of his short game.

And thus… u Is the intro to where data collection and reality cross. u CLICKERS!!!

Race and Ethnicity u “Race” and “Ethnicity” terminology are used interchangeably, yet need to be distinguished.

Ethnicity and Race u Ethnicity : represents social groups with a shared history, sense of identity, geography, and cultural roots, which may occur despite racial difference u Race: represents a population considered distinct based on physical characteristics

Federal Race/Eth Data Collection u 1977: Race/Ethnicity Standards set by Feds u Usage: l Enforcement of civil rights laws: equal access in housing, employment, education u Collection: l Census, surveys, admin forms (housing/education apps), medical research

Recent History of Race/Ethnicity Data Collection u In response to criticism that the 1977 race/ethnic standards did not reflect the diversity of the nation’s current population, the Federal Office of Management and Budget (OMB) initiated a comprehensive review in 1993.

History: u The review included: l organizing a workshop to address the issues by the National Academy of Science, l convening four public hearings, and l appointing an Interagency Committee for the Review of Racial and Ethnic Standards, which later developed a research agenda and conducted several research studies.

History u The result of the Committee's efforts was a report describing recommended changes with most of those recommendations being accepted by the OMB in its 1997 Standards. u 1997 Report: “Revisions to the Standards for the Classification of Federal Data on Race and Ethnicity”

History u On October 19, 2007, the U.S. Department of Education posted: l "Final Guidance on Maintaining, Collecting, and Reporting Racial and Ethnic Data to the U.S. Department of Education“ to implement OMB’s 1997 Standards.

And it said: u Two questions must be used when collecting ethnicity/race.

Question One: u Whether the respondent is: l “Hispanic or Latino or Spanish Origin” or l “Not Hispanic or Latino or Spanish Origin” (The term “Hispanic or Latino or Spanish Origin” is defined as a person of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American, or other Spanish culture or origin, regardless of race).

Question Two: u Whether the respondent is from one or more races from the following list: l American Indian or Alaska Native l Asian l Black or African American l Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander l White

But Wait…there’s more: u CA Government Code Sec : l “…Any state agency, board, or commission which…collects demographic data…shall use separate collection categories and tabulations for each major Asian and Pacific Islander group, including, but not limited to, Chinese, Japanese, Filipino, Korean, Vietnamese, Asian Indian, Hawaiian, Guamanian, Samoan, Laotian, and Cambodian.”

CCC System u Has historically collected: l “Mexican/Mexican-American/Chicano”, l “Central American”, l “South American” and l “Hispanic-Other”

Federal guidelines u Say States or systems my collect more granular detail than the 2+5 format…as long as they all roll up into the 2+5 categories u Ethnicity rollup “map” created to satisfy both requirements

The result: u The new 2-question method of collecting ethnicity/race in the CCC system u Meets system historical, State and Federal requirements for collection/rollup

Three caveats (per Feds): u “decline to state” is not an allowable option—no checkbox u Question must not be framed as being “optional”, however no controls can exist to disallow a student/employee from simply not responding. u “Check One or More” is the question for question #2.

Reporting u Is different than collection. u Populations (students, staff) will now have a [one : many] collection relationship between person and race/ethnicity u Reporting seeks a [one : one] relationship so that things all add up to 100%

Reporting u Federal Reporting Categories: Current IPEDS Reporting CategoriesNew IPEDS Reporting Categories 1) Nonresident Alien 2) Race and Ethnicity unknown 3) Black, non-Hispanic 4) American Indian/Alaskan Native 5) Asian/Pacific Islander 6) Hispanic 7) White, non-Hispanic 1) Nonresident Alien 2) Race and Ethnicity unknown 3) Hispanics of any race For non-Hispanics only: 4) American Indian or Alaska Native 5) Asian 6) Black or African American 7) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander 8) White 9) Two or more races

Federal “Trump Rules” u Nonresident Aliens (collected elsewhere) of any race are reported as nonresident aliens. u If: l [you fail to answer both questions] OR l [you fail to answer Q1 (Hispanic: Y/N), regardless of what you answered in Q2] you are “unknown”.

Federal “Trump Rules” u If you answered “Yes” to Q1 (Hispanic: Y/N), you are “Hispanic”. l Regardless of what you answered in Q2 l Regardless of whether you even answered Q2

Federal “Trump Rules” u If you answered “No” to Q1 and do not answer Q2, you are “unknown”. u If you answered “No’ to Q1 and check only one race box in Q2, you are considered as only that race you checked in Q2.

Federal “Trump Rules” u If you answered “No” to Q1 and check more than one race box in Q2, you are considered as “Two or More Races”. l Multiple-races are considered equally

Self-identification u Postsecondary students and faculty/staff will all be asked to self- identify u Non-respondents will not be identified by third parties nor will they be interpolated

New Collection u CLICKERS!

Timeline u To be implemented in MIS Summer 2009 u Colleges have been given guidelines and lead time to change forms and data collections u Resurveying optional u Old MIS race/eth codes remapped forward u All granular data will be kept l We can choose other trumping algorithms for various State/system/local purposes

What Will Happen? u 2000 Census: first collection of multi- race in 2 question format u In CA: l 4.7% identified as 2 or more races u For children <5, this figure was 8.4% l Largest counts in urban areas

CA Census 2000 u 46% of Native Americans also identified as Latino u 22% of Whites identify also with Latino u 9% of Pacific Islanders u 4% of Black/AfrAmer u 1% of Asians l All figures higher for people <18 l Trump rules will lower counts for all these

Latino & White issue u There will be a large number of “Latino & White” responses l Trump rule says these are Latinos l Are they really full Latinos associating their race with whites, or l Are they the offspring of mixed-race Latino & White parentage?

Other issues u Historical counts and percentages will all be non-continuous l New “series” will be started l Some new codes not captured previously l Some old codes map into new codes l Hispanic likely to be higher under new counts u Will be very difficult to draw valid time series conclusions

Other issues u More prominent in diverse states l CA, AZ, NM, TX, FL, NY, HI

My recent journeys…

California, 1950’s u Looked a lot like “Grease” l 90% white

California, 2000’s u Looks a lot more like “High School Musical” u East HS

Interestingly enough… u Corbin Bleu (aka “Chad”) in HSM: l Mother: Italian l Father: Jamacian

Ironically enough… u Vanessa Hudgens (aka Gabriella Montez) in HSM: l Father: Irish & Native American l Mother: Filipina

Finally u This will cause some momentary havoc. u But…it’s a change that had to be made because…this is reality. u We should welcome the opportunity for all people to self-identify and be recognized as who they really are.

Thank You! u Questions