VIRUS AND VARIETIES – 2009 UPDATE 2010 Empire State Expo Steve Reiners, Jim Ballerstein Associate Professor of Horticultural Sciences NYSAES, Cornell University,

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VIRUS AND VARIETIES – 2009 UPDATE 2010 Empire State Expo Steve Reiners, Jim Ballerstein Associate Professor of Horticultural Sciences NYSAES, Cornell University, Geneva

NYS Yield losses since 2001 more than $10 million – most severe in odd numbered years with up to 90% loss!

Snap Bean Issues Insecticides/seed treatments not effectiveInsecticides/seed treatments not effective Virus effects are compounded by plant stress - temperature, soil moistureVirus effects are compounded by plant stress - temperature, soil moisture Resistant varieties are long term solutionResistant varieties are long term solution Until then, determine level of tolerance in existing varietiesUntil then, determine level of tolerance in existing varieties

At the request of the NY Vegetable Research Council!

2008 Greenhouse evaluation of foliar response to CMV Planted May 7 Inoculated with virus on May 21 Readings taken on June 6 RatingVisual Symptoms 1Symptoms absent to very mild 1Symptoms absent to very mild 2Mild chlorosis, slight twisting, 2Mild chlorosis, slight twisting, 3Twisted leaves, epinasty 3Twisted leaves, epinasty 4Blisters, severe, epinasty on young leaves 4Blisters, severe, epinasty on young leaves 5Severe distortion, blisters, necrosis 5Severe distortion, blisters, necrosis

VarietySourceRating MasaiRogers3.5 PikeHarris Moran3.0 Ex 1267Seminis2.7 VarietySourceRating WeaponSeminis4.7 TitanSeminis4.7 HystyleHarris Moran4.5 SpartacusSeminis4.3 BSC 841Brotherton4.0 HMX 5101Harris Moran3.6 HMX 7115Harris Moran3.2 HuntingtonRogers3.0 SummitSenecaNot tested PensacolaRogersNot tested VarietySourceRating CapriceHarris Moran4.0 EmbassyRogers3.3 HMX 5105Harris Moran3.3 SaharaHarris Moran3.3 EX Seminis3.3 IglooPure Line2.8 SB 4352Rogers2.3 Rating Visual Symptoms 1 - Symptoms absent to very mild 2 - Mild chlorosis, slight twisting 3 - Twisted leaves, epinasty 4 - Blisters, severe, epinasty on young leaves 5 - Severe distortion, blisters, necrosis

Field Trials, ’08 and ‘09 – Planting One – June 25 Planting Two – July 16 Hystyle plants grown in greenhouse and inocuated with CMV, used to provide inoculum for field. Half of field plot inoculated with CMV at the first trifoliate stage, then covered with floating row cover. Five feet of row harvested.

PLANTING ONEPLANTING TWO VARIETYCMVT/A YIELD REDUCE (%) T/A YIELD REDUCE (%) All Varieties *7.527* All Varieties Results – Across all varieties PLANTING ONEPLANTING TWO VARIETYCMVT/A YIELD REDUCE (%) T/A YIELD REDUCE (%) All Varieties *8.05* All Varieties Results – Across all varieties

2008

2009

Of 21 varieties field tested in 2008 and 2009, only five showed a level of tolerance to Cucumber Mosaic Virus HuntingtonRogersLarge sieve PensacolaRogersLarge sieve SummitSenecaLarge sieve CartegenaSeminisWhole BangaSeminisWhole

Plans for 2010 Repeat field trial with tolerant varieties and add new ones. All varieties inoculated with CMV. Several varieties will be inoculated with both CMV and Alfalfa Mosaic Virus (AMV). Greenhouse screen with all varieties to test for resistance to Clover Yellow Vein Virus (Phil Griffiths).