Sasso US I

 Article I of the Constitution deals specifically with the powers that are given to Congress  All legislative powers are given to the Congress of the United States, which is separated into two houses: Senate and House of Representatives  This is known as a bicameral legislature

 This deals specifically with the House of Reps.  Representative terms last 2 years  Must be at least 25 years old  Must be a citizen for at least 7 years  Must be a resident of the state that they represent  No term limits  The number of Representatives a state has will based on population  3/5 of a state’s slave population will count towards representation

 Vacancies will be filled thru a special election called by a state’s governor  Leader of the majority party is called the Speaker of the House (he/she is second in line to replace the president)  The House has the sole power of Impeachment

 This deals specifically with the Senate  Senators terms last for 6 years  Must be at least 30 years old  Must be a citizen for at least 9 years  Must live in the state that you represent  No term limits  The Vice President of the United States presides over the Senate (casts the deciding vote in the event of a tie)

 The Senate majority leader is the President pro tempore (presides over the Senate, if the VP is absent, or becomes President)  Pro Tempore is third in line to replace the President  The Senate has the sole power to try impeachment hearings and convict officials  Need 2/3 majority for a conviction

 Sections 4, 5 and 6 deal with Meetings, Organization, Rules and Salaries  Originally Congressmen only made $6  Now they make at least $130,000 a year  Salary can escalate depending on status

 Section 7 deals with passing laws  All revenue bills (making money) will start in the House  A bill becomes a law when it is passed by both Houses and signed by the President  The President can veto bills  Congress also has the power to override Presidential vetoes (need 2/3 majority)

 These are the powers given to exclusively to Congress:  Trade- Interstate and Foreign  Citizenship  Issuing Money  Post office  Copyrights/Patents  Protect from Piracy  Declare War  Create Army/Navy/National Guard  Elastic Clause- “necessary and proper”

 Discusses exclusive, reserved, and concurrent powers  Exclusive- Congress (everything on last slide)  Reserved- States  Concurrent- shared by both Congress and the States

RESERVED (STATE)  Intrastate Commerce  Elections  Voting Requirements  Local Govt.  Public Safety  10 th Amendment (We’ll get to that later) CONCURRENT (SHARED)  Taxation  Court Systems  Borrow $  Enforce laws  Banking  Protecting the general welfare

 This deals with the President  Elected by a special Electoral College  President’s term is four years long  Originally there were no term limits (now it’s 2 terms or 10 years)  Must be at least 35 years old  Must be a natural born citizen  Must be a U.S. resident for 14 years  Vacancies: pa/A html pa/A html  Original salary was $25,000 (now $400,000+)  VP’s salary is now $221,000

 The President is the Commander in Chief of the U.S. military  Responsible for all foreign relations  Allowed to make appointments  State of the Union/Special Sessions of Congress  Can be impeached for the following: treason, bribery, other high crimes and misdemeanors

 This section establishes the Supreme Court  Main purpose of the SC is to interpret the Constitution, although this concept is not established until Marbury v. Madison  The SC can handle different types of cases: individual v. individual; individual v. state; state v. state)  Congress can create lower court systems

ARTICLE 4  Article 4 deals with the creation and formation of new states  Guarantees republican government in each state  Also discusses extradition for crimes ARTICLE 5  Amending the Constitution  2/3 majority is needed to propose an amendment  ¾ of the states must approve the amendment to add it to the Constitution

ARTICLE 6  This section deals with debts, supremacy, and oaths  All debts under the Articles of Confederation shall pass to the Constitution govt.  The Constitution shall be the supreme law of the land  All representatives shall be bound by oath to support the Constitution  Religious affiliation will not prevent people from holding office ARTICLE 7  The approval of 9 states will be sufficient to ratify the Constitution

ON LEGISLATIVE  Propose laws  Veto bills  Special Sessions of Congress  Make appointments  Negotiate treaties  Commander-in-Chief ON JUDICIAL  Make appointments  Presidential pardons

ON EXECUTIVE  Veto override  Confirmation of appointments (Senate)  Ratify treaties (Senate)  Declare War  Appropriate funds  Impeachment (House)  Impeachment trial/conviction (Senate) ON JUDICIAL  Create lower court system  Impeachment (House)  Impeachment trial/conviction (Senate)  Propose Amendments  Confirm Appointments

ON EXECUTIVE  Judicial Review ON LEGISLATIVE  Judicial Review

1. DE, 12/87, PA, 12/87, NJ, 12/87, GA, 1/88, CT, 1/88, MA, 2/88, MD, 4/88, SC, 5/88, NH, 6/88, Makes Const. official 10. VA, 6/88, NY, 7/88, NC, 11/89, RI, 5/90, 34-32

1. Freedom of speech, press, religion, peaceful assembly 2. Right to keep and bear arms 3. No quartering of troops in citizens’ homes 4. No illegal search and seizure of property 5. Right of accused persons- self-incrimination + double jeopardy 6. Speedy, fair, public trial 7. Trial by a jury of “peers” 8. No cruel/unusual punishment 9. Reserved power to the people 10. Reserved power to the States