Mentor Training Babywatching in Kindergarden and School A Programme to Prevent Aggressive and Anxious Behaviour Problems Karl Heinz Brisch Dr. von Hauner Children‘s Hospital Department of Pediatric Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich B.A.S.E. B.A.S.E.

Babywatching in Kindergarten and School B = Babywatching A= Against Aggression and Anxiety S = For Sensitivity E = For Empathy B.A.S.E. ®

© Copyright K. H. Brisch Munich/Germany All rights reserved. Homepage Downloads –Slides of presentation – BASE_Mentor_London

© Copyright K. H. Brisch Munich/Germany All rights reserved. Overview BASE-formation Stages Tasks of BASE Mentors Errors during Implementation of BASE Sensitivity Training Video Clips Roots of Empathy - Programme

© Copyright K. H. Brisch Munich/Germany All rights reserved. Training Stages of BASE Group Leader – leads BASE Groups Mentor – „Advisor" für BASE Groups Trainer – Teacher for BASE Group Leaders

© Copyright K. H. Brisch Munich/Germany All rights reserved. Mentor „Trusty Advisor" Tutor – helps first-year Students

© Copyright K. H. Brisch Munich/Germany All rights reserved. Requirements for Mentors Own experience with BASE –Implementation of Group –Participating in Group Watching Candidates for BASE Mentor –Group Leader –BASE Mothers? After Group Leader Training –Other Professional Groups after Participating in Watching

© Copyright K. H. Brisch Munich/Germany All rights reserved. Tasks of Mentors Answering Questions regarding Theory of Aggression according to Henri Parens –Development of Empathy –Sensitivity –Research Results

© Copyright K. H. Brisch Munich/Germany All rights reserved. Tasks of Mentors Advertisement for BASE –Approach Kindergardens and Schools –Motivation Phase –Distribute Information –Approach Group Leaders –Motivate to make BASE Formation

© Copyright K. H. Brisch Munich/Germany All rights reserved. Tasks of Mentors Guidance in Implementation of the Programme –Information and assistance during Parents‘ Evening –Assistance in Information for Children –Looking for a Mother/Father with Baby –Counselling of Group Leaders during Start –Help with correct Implementation of the Programme –Feedback to the Group Leaders

© Copyright K. H. Brisch Munich/Germany All rights reserved. Tasks of Mentors Counselling of Group Leaders in Case of Problems with –Mother –Baby –Mother-Child-Interaction –Children in the Watching Group –„Difficult" Child –Parents

© Copyright K. H. Brisch Munich/Germany All rights reserved. Aggression Theory according to Henri Parens I Types of Aggression –Positive healthy Aggression as „Exploration“ –Negative hostile Aggression against Others

© Copyright K. H. Brisch Munich/Germany All rights reserved. Aggression Theory according to Henri Parens II Cause of Hostility –Massive Rejection and Disregard of Basic Needs of the Child by Caregivers –Missing Empathy in Thoughts, Feelings and Actions of Children

© Copyright K. H. Brisch Munich/Germany All rights reserved. Vital Needs Relationship Attachment Self-efficacy Avoidance of negative stimuli Sensory- sexual Stimulation Physiological Needs Exploration

© Copyright K. H. Brisch Munich/Germany All rights reserved. Window of Stress Tolerance and Affects Hyperarousal  Parasympathetic Nervous System  Dissociation  RELAXATION/COLLAPS Hyperarousal  S SS Sympathetic Nervous System  Dissociation  FREEZING + - Modifiied according to Lutz Ulrich Besser © Copyright Besser 2008 Panic Fear of Death Activated Bonding Need

© Copyright K. H. Brisch Munich/Germany All rights reserved. Kindergarden Programme Babywatching I Group of Children watching an Infant in Interaction with his/her Mother Starting shortly after Birth till approx. End of first Year Up to autonomous Walking and first Words

© Copyright K. H. Brisch Munich/Germany All rights reserved. Prevention Programme Goals –Ability for Empathy –Preventing Hostility Modules for Pupils and Teachers –From Kindergarten to Grade 12 Significant Reduction of aggressive Behaviour in Comparison to Control Groups

© Copyright K. H. Brisch Munich/Germany All rights reserved. Kindergarden Programme Babywatching II Instruction for Babywatching by Educators One Educator leads the Group, while another leads the Watching Monitoring of Protocol Frequency –1 x weekly –Circle of Chairs Duration approx minutes

© Copyright K. H. Brisch Munich/Germany All rights reserved. Results I Behaviour Assessment of the Children (N=50, Age M=50 Months) by –Educators –Parents Test at Start and Finish of Intervention Comparison between Control Group (without Intervention) and Intervention Group

© Copyright K. H. Brisch Munich/Germany All rights reserved. Results II Improvements in the Intervention Group –Assessed by Educators (CBCL) Boys –Less aggressive Behaviour –Less oppositional Behaviour –Improved Altertness –Less social Withdrawal –More emotional Reactivity –Less „anxious-depressed“

© Copyright K. H. Brisch Munich/Germany All rights reserved. Results III Improvements in the Intervention Group –Assessed by Educators (CBCL) Girls –Less Sleeping Problems –Improved Alertness –Less social Withdrawal –More emotional Reactivity –Less „anxious-depressed“

© Copyright K. H. Brisch Munich/Germany All rights reserved. Results IV Improvements in the Intervention Group –Assessed by Parents (CBCL) Boys –Less aggressive Behaviour –Improved Alertness –Less social Withdrawal –More emotional Reactivity

© Copyright K. H. Brisch Munich/Germany All rights reserved. Results V Improvements in the Intervention Group –Assessed by Parents (CBCL) Girls –Less Sleeping Problems –Improved Alertness –Less social Withdrawal –More emotional Reactivity

© Copyright K. H. Brisch Munich/Germany All rights reserved. Results VI Additional Improvements in the Intervention Group Assessed by Educators –Attachment Behaviours Looking for Comfort from Caregiver –Applying the Method of Babywatching and Sensitivity of Play with one Another

© Copyright K. H. Brisch Munich/Germany All rights reserved. Summary Overall positive Effect for both Boys and Girls Positive Changes of externalising and internalising Disturbances Similar positive Assessments made by Educators and Parents

© Copyright K. H. Brisch Munich/Germany All rights reserved. Summary II For all Involved, an emotionally positive Experience Noticeable Generalisation of the Mode of Babywatching during Play with one Another Preventive Intervention at minimal Cost

© Copyright K. H. Brisch Munich/Germany All rights reserved. Training of Empathy Sensitivity for other People‘s –Thoughts –Actions –Motivations –Feelings Self reflective Capacity of Mentalizing –„I think that you think that I think…“ –„I feel that you feel that I feel…“

© Copyright K. H. Brisch Munich/Germany All rights reserved. Sensitivity (1) The Caregiver with the highest Sensitivity during Interaction will become the Infant‘s major Attachment Person. A high parental Sensitivity will enhance the Developmenht of a secure Attachment of the Infant.

© Copyright K. H. Brisch Munich/Germany All rights reserved. Sensitivity (2) The Caregiver has to –Perceive the Infant‘s Signals –Interpret correctly the Infant‘s Signals –React properly –React promptly To the Infant‘s Signals

© Copyright K. H. Brisch Munich/Germany All rights reserved. The Importance of Language between Mother/Father and Infant Enhancement of a secure Attachment by Designation –Of the Infant‘s Actions –Of the „inner Feeling“ of the Infant –Of the Creation of Contexts

© Copyright K. H. Brisch Munich/Germany All rights reserved. Rhythm of Interaction in Action and Language Support of secure Attachment by –Reciprocal Change in Mother-Infant-Interaction and Communication –Correction of Mismatches Insecure Attachment Via hyper-synchronous Interaction and Communication –Absolutely asynchronous Interaction

© Copyright K. H. Brisch Munich/Germany All rights reserved. Gaze Reciprocal Gaze with Affect Attunement between Infant and Caregiver promotes secure Attachment (Intersubjectivity)

© Copyright K. H. Brisch Munich/Germany All rights reserved. Touch Sensitive Touch/massage between Infant and Caregiver promotes secure Attachment

© Copyright K. H. Brisch Munich/Germany All rights reserved. Levels of Babywatching Behaviour Motivation Emotion Identification Empathy

© Copyright K. H. Brisch Munich/Germany All rights reserved. Level of Babywatching I Level of Behavour –What does the Baby do? –What does the Mother/Father do?

© Copyright K. H. Brisch Munich/Germany All rights reserved. Level of Babywatching II Level of Motivation –Why does the Baby behave in this Way? –Why does the Mother/Father behave in this Way?

© Copyright K. H. Brisch Munich/Germany All rights reserved. Level of Babywatching III Level of Emotions –How does the Baby feel in this Situation? –How does the Mother/Father feel in this Situation?

© Copyright K. H. Brisch Munich/Germany All rights reserved. Level of Babywatching IV Level of Identification with Behaviour –What would I do in this Situation, if I was the Baby? –What would I do in this Situation, if I was the Mother/Father?

© Copyright K. H. Brisch Munich/Germany All rights reserved. Level of Babywatching V Level of Identification with Emotions- Level of Empathy –How would I feel in this Situation, if I was the Baby? –How would I feel in this Situation, if I was the Mother/Father?

© Copyright K. H. Brisch Munich/Germany All rights reserved. Errors during Implementation Mother/Father sits on a Chair and puts Baby in the Middle of the Room for Watching No Mother/Father-Infant-Interaction Children interact with Baby Baby is passed around Group Leader focuses on the Infant‘s Behaviour, but not on Interaction

© Copyright K. H. Brisch Munich/Germany All rights reserved. Errors during Implementation Group Leader changes BASE to a developmental Psychology Course and retrieves Knowledge Children hop around the Group Restless, difficult children have to be cared for more intensively by the group leader: Eye Contact, Closeness, Follow-up Care

© Copyright K. H. Brisch Munich/Germany All rights reserved. Remember: Pitfall and failures No programme of developmental psychology No teaching with blackboard No teacher – caring for baby No student – touching, holding, cudling the baby No focus on baby only and developmental steps BUT always: Focus is on mother/father-infant-interactions

© Copyright K. H. Brisch Munich/Germany All rights reserved. Problems Mother/Father show psychological Strain Postpartal Depression: Mother –Does not talk, –Depressive Affect, –Does not interact with Infant –Looks bored Insensitive Mother/Father-Infant-Interaction Help is needed Referral to Mother-Child-Counselling

© Copyright K. H. Brisch Munich/Germany All rights reserved. Special Highlights Father attends Babywatching Especially sensitive Mother Infants experience first motor skills such as Turning, Crawling, Walking Infants experience their first Words

Roots of Empathy Canadian Programme – Mary Gordon Infant Development Teaching Book Baby and Mother visit ones a months Handling the baby, touching, cudling Results – research papers –No clear methods, results to doubt See critical report in the internet Making money Benefit not clear from research results – © Copyright K. H. Brisch Munich/Germany All rights reserved.

DVD „Babywatching“ BASE in Kindergarden BASE in School

Information about the Formation B.A.S.E.-Group Leader or Mentor B.A.S.E. ®

SAFE ATTACHMENT FORMATION FOR ECUCATORS June 3-6, 2013 Munich/Germany SAFE ATTACHMENT FORMATION FOR ECUCATORS June 3-6, 2013 Munich/Germany A training program to enhance secure attachment between parents and child SAFE Karl Heinz Brisch Dr. von Hauner Children‘s Hospital Department of Pediatric Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich ©

© Copyright K. H. Brisch Munich/Germany All rights reserved. Multiplikatoren Formation in SAFE für persons who work with pregnant women, parents and infants. –Pregnancy consultants –Midwives and lactation consultants –Nurses –Obstetricians –Psychologists –Pediatricians –Child and Adolescent Psychotherapists –Speech Therapists SAFE - Mentor SAFE - Mentor -

International Conference October 11-13, 2013 in Munich/Germany Attachment and Psychosomatics Information and Programme to:

© Copyright K. H. Brisch Munich/Germany All rights reserved. Future Prospects More Propagation and Testing Testing in inner-city Areas Testing with other Age Groups Scientific Supervision Research