Sandrine Rangeon, California State University, Fresno, USA Wade Gilbert, California State University, Fresno, USA Pierre Trudel, University of Ottawa, Canada Jean Côté, Queen’s University, Canada 12 th World Congress – Marrakesh – June 2009

Sources of data Contact with colleagues in Canada and U.S. Research Funding Certification Standards Updated coaching science bibliography (941 articles) Publication Outlets Lines of Research 12 th World Congress – Marrakesh – June 2009

Where does coaching science come from? 12 th World Congress – Marrakesh – June 2009

Major differences between Canada and the U.S. 12 th World Congress – Marrakesh – June 2009

Research Funding - Canada Well-established federal funding agency with history of supporting coaching science Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC) Partnership with Sport Canada Multi-year six-figure grants 12 th World Congress – Marrakesh – June 2009

Research Funding - Canada Other opportunities: Provincial grants Coaching Association of Canada (CAC) $7, th World Congress – Marrakesh – June 2009

Research Funding – U.S. Federal funding agencies exist, but tough competition: cancer, obesity, mental health, aging, etc. Federal grants for coaching science almost non-existent Must focus on youth development outcomes (anxiety, self-esteem) 12 th World Congress – Marrakesh – June 2009

Research Funding – U.S. Other more common sources 12 th World Congress – Marrakesh – June 2009 Academic organizations: AAPHERD, AASP Private foundations (N = 109,852) Total assets = $514 billion Few examples of coaching scientists accessing these resources Carnegie Corporation Sport organizations & private companies

Major differences between Canada and the U.S. 12 th World Congress – Marrakesh – June 2009

Certification Standards - Canada Revised National Coaching Certification Program (NCCP) Context specific (8 contexts) Each sport responsible for identifying how many contexts are relevant 12 th World Congress – Marrakesh – June 2009

Certification Standards – U.S. No national mandated certification program Coach education programs widely adopted: 1) American Sport Education Program (ASEP) 2) National Federation of State High School Athletic Associations (NFHS) 12 th World Congress – Marrakesh – June 2009 However, national standards do exist NASPE / NCACE

Dominated by the US 12 th World Congress – Marrakesh – June 2009

Publication Outlets U.S.-based None found in central America Few Canadian-based outlets US-based scholars are primary gatekeepers Editorial boards, though, global in composition TSP: 42% of board members outside North America 12 th World Congress – Marrakesh – June 2009

Top 10 journals for publishing coaching science research in the last 5 years ( )

New Publication Outlets Journal of Coaching Education (JCE ) online journal Published by National Association for Sport and Physical Education (NASPE) Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics (JIIA – 2008) Sponsored by the College Sport Research Institute 12 th World Congress – Marrakesh – June 2009

Current lines of research Motivational climate Amorose & Horn; Conroy & Coatsworth; Smoll & Smith; Weiss; Strean Coaching effectiveness / efficacy Solomon; Feltz, Meyers, Vargas-Tonsing, Chase, & Sullivan Coach development / expertise Trudel, Gilbert, & Côté; Bloom; Gould; Schempp Occupational issues Pastore; Bruening; Cunningham & Sagas; Raedeke Leadership Chelladurai 12 th World Congress – Marrakesh – June 2009

Coaching science quite ‘healthy’ 1. Vast inter-country differences for research funding and coach education 2. Many publication outlets 6/10 top journals based in the U.S. English-language Online and traditional print format 3. Many diverse active lines of research, but still few long-term studies North American Summary 12 th World Congress – Marrakesh – June 2009