David M. Brenner Curator North Central Regional Plant Introduction Station Dealing with Dormant Seeds

Some Dormancy Syndromes  Winter dormant – cool-moist  Hard seeds – scarification  Summer dormant – warm moist  Fire – fire or smoke What are the germination and seed maturity seasons in nature?

Chaerophyllum procumbens Baskin, et al J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 131:

Selected Seed Dormancy Breaking References Baskin, C.C., T.S. Hawkins, and J.M. Baskin Ecological life cycle of Chaerophyllum procumbens variety shortii (Apiaceae), a winter annual of the North American Eastern Deciduous Forest. Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 131: Deno, N.C Seed germination theory and practice (and supplements). Privately published from: 139 Lenor Drive, State College PA Ellis, R.H., T.D. Hong, and E.H. Roberts Handbook of seed technology for genebanks. International Board for Plant Genetic Resources. Rome Smokemaster (A product that simulates the germination inducing effects of smoke) I (David Brenner) have not used this or the burn methods.

Some Dormancy Syndromes  Winter dormant – cool-moist  Hard seeds – scarification  Summer dormant – warm moist  Fire – fire or smoke What are the germination and seed maturity seasons in nature?

Seed Jars