Unit 2 Grammar and usage Verb-ing form as an adjective or adverb and Verb-ing phrases

Part 1 Verb-ing form as an adjective or adverb

Lead-in Choose the right answer. 1.The children stopped _____as the teacher came in. A talk B to talk C talking D talked 2.He is quite used _______in all sorts of weather. A fly B to fly C to flying D to flied

3.Doctor Bethune went on ____throughout the night. A work B worked C to work D working 4.Your shoes are dirty. They need _____badly. A wash B washed C to wash D washing

5.The teacher spent a lot of time_____me with my grammar. A help B to help C helped D helping 6.It was raining hard, but we kept on _____forward. A move B moved C moving D to move

7.Please come early. Don’t keep us_______ for long. A wait B to wait C waiting D waited 8.She suggested ______for an outing next Sunday. A go B to go C going D gone

9.Wang lin insisted on_____to work in the countryside. A be sent B sending C being sent D send 10.Would your friend mind_______a little more softly? A to speak B spoken C speaking D speak

11.I don’t feel like____to the movies. A go B to go C going D gone 12.The shy girl doesn’t like ______at in public. A laughing B to laugh C laughed D being laughed

13.I first considered ______to him, but then decided ______him. A writing; seeing B to write; to see C writing; to see D to write; seeing 14.Do you consider it better_______? A not going B not go C not having gone D not to go

现在分词的作用 : 可以作形容词和副词作用，在句中作 定语表语或宾语补足语。

1. 做定语 It is a very moving film and it is well worth seeing. Upon hearing the exciting news,they jumped with great joy. 单个的现在分词作定语，放在名词的前面，相当于 形容词，可加副词修饰。

The fast-growing economy has caused environmental problems. Canada is an English—speaking country. 有时现在分词可以和副词或名词构成复合形容词。 The girl sitting in the corner is my best friend.=The girl who is sitting in the corner is my best friend. People working in that bank are well paid.=People who work in that bank are well paid. 现在分词短语作定语放在名词后面，意思和定语从 句一样，并且可以转变成定语从句。

Your journey in Kenya is really exciting. What you did was disappointing. The nightmare I had last night was very frightening. 现在分词作表语通常表示主语的属性和特征. 2. 作表语

3. 作宾语补足语 We find the journey to Africa exciting. He had a strange way to make his classes interesting. I heard someone playing the violin in the next room. 注意：在 see,hear,watch,feel,notice 等动词后，用现在分词构成的复合宾语， 表示动作正在进行；而动词原形则表示 动作的全过程，即动作已结束。 We saw the teacher making the experiment. I saw the girl get into the car and drive off.

现在分词用于动词 stand sit 和 lie 后，通常表示这 两个动作同时发生。 They stood talking to each other.( 现在分词 talking 用于 动词 stand 后，表示动作 talk 和动作 stand 同时发生）＝ They stood when they were talking to each other. 注意： 现在分词也有完成时式 having+ 过去分词 Having worked side by side with many environmentalists,I know that a healthy environment and growing economy should be possible at the same time.( 现在分词的完成时形式 having worked 说明 work 先 于主句谓语动词 know 发生）

Exercise on page 29 1.shocking 2.relaxing 3.tiring 4.disappointing 5.interesting 6.living Part A

Part 2 Verb-ing phrases

做状语 现在分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语 相同；如果不相同，分词前必须加上自己的主语， 这种结构被称为独立主格结构。 Time permitting,I will stay for another week.=If time permits,I will stay for another week. 1. 作伴随状语 动词 stand,sit 和 lie 加现在分词作伴随状语，表示两个动 作同时发生。 We sat there talking to each other. The poor man sat by the road,begging.

2. 作方式状语，表示方式。 Americans like travelling,driving their cars. They often communicate with each other,using English. 3. 作时间状语，相当于状语从句。 现在分词可表示动作同时发生或进行，而现在分词 的完成时可表示动作的先后顺序，表示它发生在主 句谓语动词表示的动作之前。 Seeing the big snake,the girl was almost frightened to death.=When she saw the big snake,the girl was almost frightened to death.

Having waited in the line for half an hour,he suddenly realized that he left his wallet at home.=After he waited in the line for half an hour, he suddenly realized that he left his wallet at home. 有时表示时间的分词短语可由连接词 when,while,once,until,whenever 等引出。 While reading the novel,he nodded from time to time. 4. 作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句。 Being a student,I must work hard.=Because I am a student,I must work hard. Not knowing what to do next,he turned to the teacher for help.=Because he didn’t know what to do next,he turned to the teacher for help.

5. 作结果状语 Both his parents died in the war,leaving him alone in the world. The fish can eat a person in two minutes,leaving only the bones. 6. 作条件状语 Working hard,you will succeed one day.=If you work hard,you will succeed one day. Putting more salt into the soup, you will find it more delicious.

注意： 现在分词的否定式中，否定词 not 必须放在 最前面 。 Not knowing much English,he found it difficult to communicate with foreigners. Not having received a reply,he wrote a letter to the professor again.

1.___full preparations,we decided to put put off the meeting till next week. A. We did not make B. Having not made C. We had not made D. Not having made

2.European football is play in 80 countries,____it the most popular sport in the world. A. making B. makes C. made D. to make

3. ____ what the situation would be like, they decided to keep silent. A. Having not known B. knowing not C. Not know D. Not knowing

4. ____ the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge of the earth. A. having believed B. Believing C. Believed D. Being believed

5. ____ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered

6. ___ all over the hills and around the lake are wild flowers of different kinds. A. To grow B. Growing C. Grown D. Grow

7. Tom sat under a tree, and seeing his friend, _____ up in no time. A. to stand B. standing C. stood D. would stand 8. He sent me an , ____ to get further information. A. hope B. hoping C. to hope D. hope

9. ______ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks. A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Having not completed

10. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage _____ the girl and took her away, ____ into the woods. A. seizing ； disappeared B. seizing ； disappearing C. seizing ； to disappear D. seized ； disappearing

Homework: DO exercise on C1 and C2 on page 100