Information Technology for Building Operations, Energy Efficiency and Demand Response June 9, 2009 Mary Ann Piette Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Demand Response Research Center

Open Automated Demand Response Communications OpenADR Development Goals Cost - Develop low-cost, automation infrastructure to improve DR capability in California Technology - Evaluate “readiness” of buildings to receive signals Capability - Evaluate capability of control strategies for current and future buildings OpenADR Description Signaling - Continuous, secure, reliable, 2-way communication with listen and acknowledge signals Industry Standards - Open, interoperable standard communications to integrate with both common EMCS and other end-use devices that can receive a relay or similar signals (such XML) Timing of Notification - Day ahead and day of signals are provided to facilitate a diverse set of end-use strategies

Multi-Objective Optimization Energy -On/off mode/control -Weather/solar/wind -Occupancy/comfort/schedule -Equipment loads - Continuous diagnostics Operating Costs - Rate $/kWh, TOU, demand charges - Dynamic – critical, variable peak, RTP - DR program – shed frequency, duration - Maintenance and operations Emissions -Real-time CO 2 /kWh (time of day) -Grid or on-site power -Energy source Demand Response/Grid - Loads to limit, shift, shed - Service level control capability - Service level requirements Duration, frequency of DR participation - Spinning reserve participation Energy Operating CostsEmissions Demand Response (kWh)($)(CO 2 )($/kW) Conventional Variable Air Volume Ice/Chilled Water Storage VAV with Pre-Cooling

Control System Testing Using EnergyPlus: Virtual Controls Testbed Virtual Building Real Control System AlgorithmsHardware A/D D/A + SPARK + EnergyPlus EnergyPlus & SPARK Control system tested using design simulation: Real-time EnergyPlus with hardware interface Control hardware from the building Control program as implemented by controls contractor Pre-commissioning of controls before installation allowed programming problems to be identified and fixed before occupancy Simulation can provide a quantitative link between design and operations

Building Systems Integration Opportunities Underlying building information model Performance metrics and benchmarks Smart integrated design Efficient technologies Intelligent, adaptive controls for occupant and facility manager Smart, grid-responsive component and systems

System Integration and Value Heating Cooling Lighting Peak Cooling Load Chiller Size Lighting Design Strategy Energy, Peak Electric Demand, Load Shape Central Power Generation $ $ $ $ $ $ Initial Cost Annual Cost Office Eq. Onsite Power Generation $