CHAPTER 1 SCIENCE IN OUR WORLD Start up activity pg 3

Chapter 1 Section 1 Science and Scientists

In the World and Beyond Science Starts with a Question Science: is the the knowledge gained by observing the natural world.Science: is the the knowledge gained by observing the natural world. In our own Neighbor hood

Investigation: The Search for Answers Once you ask a question, it’s time to look for an answer.Once you ask a question, it’s time to look for an answer. Research ObservationsExperimentation

WHY ASK WHY? Why should we ask questions about the world in which we live in and things that are in this world?Why should we ask questions about the world in which we live in and things that are in this world? Answering Society’s Needs Using Resources Wisely Healthy Surroundings

Scientist All Around You Any person who ask questions and looks for answers could be considered a scientist. There are people who use science in their jobs every day. Environmental Scientist Environmental Scientist Cartographer Cartographer Engineer Engineer Zoologist Zoologist Biologist Biologist Science Educator / Teacher Science Educator / Teacher Astrologist Astrologist Doctors Doctors Paleontologist Paleontologist ETC…… ETC……

IS THE PROCESS IN WHICH SCIENTIST ANSWER QUESTION OR SOLVE A PROBLEM. THERE ARE SEVEN BASIC STEPS TO THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD. THOSE STEPS MAY BE IN DIFFERENT ORDER AT TIMES.

Ask a Question Helps focus the purpose of the investigation. A lot of time scientist ask a question based on an observation.

Make Observations Using your 5 senses to gather information Observations can be made at any point during the investigation Observations lead to answers but they must be carefully recorded

Form a Hypothesis It is a possible explanation or answer to the question. (educated guess) You must be able to test your hypothesis to see if it is true. Before scientist test their Hypothesis they make predictions. After predictions are made, you test the prediction.

TEST Your Hypothesis Design an Experiment to test your hypothesis. This experiment must be a controlled experiment. During the experiment you must collect your DATA. Any piece of information acquired through observation or experimentation

In a controlled experiment you only change one factor/variable at a time. Independent Variable: It is the thing that the scientist changes. Dependent Variable: It is the result of the change, what happen because of the change. Control Variable: Are the things that stay the same throughout the experiment.

Analyze the Results Helps explain what happened based on your data and observations. You want to make graphs and charts to help understand your data.

Draw Conclusions Scientist must look at the results and see if it supports his/her hypothesis YES NO MOVE ON TO THE NEXT STEP Repeat experiment check for mistakes. Repeat experiment check for mistakes. Ask a new question Ask a new question Form a new hypothesis Form a new hypothesis Maybe more valuable

Communicate Results Scientist share what they have learned so that other scientist can repeat the experiment to see is if they get the same result. Sharing can lead to new data, new hypothesis, new idea, et… Scientist may share by: Writing a report Writing a report Post it on the Internet. Post it on the Internet. Give a presentation Give a presentation Writing an article in a scientific magazine. Writing an article in a scientific magazine.

IS A REPRESENTATION OF AN OBJECT OR SYSTEM. Are used to explain the past and the present. They can be used to to predict the future. They are often used to explain things that are to large or to small to see. Globe Solar System Atom

Look like the real thing… But they may not act like the real thing… Airplanes Maps Dolls Cars Globe Solar System Etc… They may have limitations

ARE A SYSTEM OF IDEAS THEY ARE BASED ON MAKING COMPARISONS, TO EXPLAIN AN IDEA. CLASSIFICATION KEY

IS MADE UP OF MATH EQUATIONS AND DATA. ALLOW YOU TO CALCULATE AND PREDICT THINGS GRAPHS AND CHARTS ARE EXAMPLES

Models are often used to help explain scientific theories. Scientific Theory: Is an explanation for a hypothesis or observations. They don’t happen every time or not enough evidence. Evolution Etc…

If a theory continues to happen every time or enough evidence is there to prove it to be 100% true, it turns into a law. Scientific Law: Happen every time the same way / 100% true Law of GravityLaw of Gravity Law of EnergyLaw of Energy Law of MotionLaw of Motion Etc…Etc…

Is the products and processes that are designed to serve our needs. EXAMPLE : COMPUTERS A computer is technology but so is the tools are also. Old Technology vs. Advanced Technology Pencil vs. Typewriter vs. Computer

Is the process of creating technology. Engineers use the knowledge from science to create new technology. They develop things that help us, make things easier, more efficient, or just better.

Is the process engineers use to develop a new technology. It is similar to the Scientific Method Process. It doesn’t just give you an answer to a question or a problem, it helps make a product to solve the problem.

STEP # 1: ASK IDENTIFY A NEED Engineers define and write the need or problem they are trying to solve.

STEP # 2: IMAGINE D evelop Possible Solution Think about Possible Solutions BRAINSTORM Quick, off the top of your head ideas

STEP # 3: Plan Make a Prototype A test model of the product. This allows engineers to see if their design works the way they expected it to.

STEP # 4: CREATE Testing and Evaluation This helps determine whether the technology does the job it designed to do. Cost- benefit Analysis At this point engineers make sure the cost of designing and producing the new product is worth its benefit.

STEP # 5: Improve Modify & Retest Engineers take what they learned from testing the prototype and make adjustment. They retest and continue to make adjustments until they are satisfied. Then they produce the product.

Technology provides many solutions for many types of problems and needs. (social, political, economical, physical) Intended Benefits Unintended Consequences

Is the positive purpose that the technology was designed to be used for.

Are uses or results that happen from a product or design & the engineer doesn’t expect it. GOOD BAD

Is applying engineering to living things. Engineers use their skills, knowledge, and technology to develop solutions to problems that involve living things.

Assistive technologies are developed to help without physically changing the living thing. EXAMPLES: Glasses Medicine Glasses Medicine Wheelchairs Wheelchairs

Adaptive Technologies are developed to help but it changes the living thing physically. EXAMPLES: Laser eye surgery Laser eye surgery Knee replacement Knee replacement Etc… Etc…

Is any thing that helps you do a task. Different tools helps scientist in different ways & collect different data. Tools for Seeing Tools for Seeing Tools for Measuring Tools for Measuring Tools for Analyzing Tools for Analyzing

These tools help scientist see things that are to small or to far to see. Tools for Seeing: Microscope Microscope Magnifying Glass Magnifying Glass Telescope Telescope Binoculars Binoculars

Tools for Measuring Volume: Graduated Cylinder Graduated Cylinder Beakers Beakers Measuring Cups Measuring Cups Etc.. Etc.. Volume: is the amount of space something takes up. Tools for Measuring Time: Stopwatch Stopwatch Clock Clock It could be seconds, minutes, hours, or tenths of a second.

Tools for Measuring Length / Distance / Area: Meter stick Meter stick Ruler Ruler Tape Measure Tape Measure Range Finder Range Finder Etc… Etc… This could me measured in many different ways. Meter, Centimeters, etc.. Meter, Centimeters, etc.. Feet, Inches, Yards, etc…Feet, Inches, Yards, etc… Miles, Kilometers, etc… Miles, Kilometers, etc… Tools for Measuring Temperature: Thermometer Temperature: is a measure of how hot something is. AREA: is a measure of how much surface an object has.

Tools for Measuring Weight / Mass / Force: Balance Balance Spring Scale Spring Scale Digital Scale Digital Scale Mass: is a measure of the amount of matter in an object. Most Scientist use the SI (International System of Units) system in measuring.Most Scientist use the SI (International System of Units) system in measuring. It helps scientist share and compare their observations, data, and results with one another.It helps scientist share and compare their observations, data, and results with one another.

These tools allow you to analyze your data, organize and keep trace of the data. Examples: Calculator Calculator Computer Computer Pencil and Graph Paper Pencil and Graph Paper

Safety should always been the number 1 concern when doing an experiment. You should always look at the safety symbols or read the safety information before doing an experiment. Look at the safety symbols on pg 35