1 Chapter 14 Social Drugs

2 Introduction Widespread use Widespread use Different effects for different people Different effects for different people Short-term and long-term effects Short-term and long-term effects Quality control Quality control

3 Social Drugs Alcohol Alcohol Tobacco Tobacco Marijuana Marijuana Cocaine Cocaine Ecstasy Ecstasy GHB GHB

4 High School Athlete Drug Abuse Social acceptance, fun, curiosity Social acceptance, fun, curiosity Characteristics of a drug user Characteristics of a drug user –List, pg 195 – 196 Underage use Underage use Local schools, districts, and/or state policies and penalties Local schools, districts, and/or state policies and penalties

5 Table 14-3: Typical Drug Use Statistics in High School Students (2002)

6 College Athlete Drug Abuse First time on their own First time on their own NCAA NCAA –Tracking and surveying

7 Figure 14-1: Patterns of Social Drug Use (NCAA 2001)

8 Alcohol Very commonly used drug by athletes Very commonly used drug by athletes Very small amounts may be helpful to some athletes Very small amounts may be helpful to some athletes Impairs motor skills, reaction time, coordination Impairs motor skills, reaction time, coordination Chronic use Chronic use –Liver and heart disease, diabetes, mental disorders

9 Adverse Effects of Alcohol Slurred speech Slurred speech Deficits in coordination and reaction time Deficits in coordination and reaction time Decreased visual acuity Decreased visual acuity Dehydration Dehydration Increase in acidic metabolites Increase in acidic metabolites

10 Tobacco Social reasons, reduce stress, lose weight Social reasons, reduce stress, lose weight More than 4000 chemicals inhaled when a cigarette is smoked More than 4000 chemicals inhaled when a cigarette is smoked Can produce stimulatory or depressive effects Can produce stimulatory or depressive effects

11 Adverse Effects of Tobacco Lung damage Lung damage Trembling, shaking, agitation, nausea Trembling, shaking, agitation, nausea Nicotine Nicotine –Irregular heart rate –Blood flow irregularities –Increased blood clotting mechanism –Increases in the circulating triglycerides leading to myocardial infarction

12 Cigarette smoking Cigarette smoking –Ulcers –Tooth and gum disease –Breathing disorders (asthma, emphysema) –Skin disorders –Complications in pregnancy Second-hand smoke Second-hand smoke

13 Quitting smoking Quitting smoking –Encourage and assist athletes –90% recidivism rate after 1 year –Involves great deal of support

14 Marijuana Originally used as a sedative, to treat constipation, obesity, loss of appetite Originally used as a sedative, to treat constipation, obesity, loss of appetite Became popular to get a “high” Became popular to get a “high” More than 400 chemicals in marijuana More than 400 chemicals in marijuana –Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) –Highly debated for legalization –Produces relaxation for athletes

15 Adverse Effects of Marijuana Anxiety and panic attacks Anxiety and panic attacks Paranoia Paranoia Increased mood alterations Increased mood alterations Increased heart rate Increased heart rate Breaks with reality Breaks with reality Memory, concentration and learning impairment Memory, concentration and learning impairment Decreased ambition and motivation Decreased ambition and motivation Long term effects Long term effects

16 Cocaine Medicinal purpose as a local anesthetic Medicinal purpose as a local anesthetic Abuse results in: Abuse results in: –Stimulation of the noradrenaline, serotonin, and dopamine neurotransmitters –Produces a feeling of well being

17 Adverse Effects of Cocaine Snorting cocaine results in: Snorting cocaine results in: –Nasal problems, including tissue necrosis, chronic runny nose, and nasal cartilage damage Smoking cocaine Smoking cocaine –Lung problems CNS over stimulation CNS over stimulation –increase in blood pressure, heart rate, sweating, and anxiety –Death

18 Club Drugs Ecstasy Ecstasy Gammahydroxybutyrate (GHB) Gammahydroxybutyrate (GHB)

19 Implications for Activity, pg 201 Implications for Activity, pg 201 What to Tell the Athlete, pg 202 What to Tell the Athlete, pg 202