Core: Social and Cultural Continuity & Change Country Study: Germany

Time periods in the ‘history of Germany’ Traditional Society -First Reich (16 th C) -- Second Reich ( ) 1. Weimar Germany( ) 2. Third Reich Nazi Period( ) 3. Cold War Period ( ) 4. Reunification Period:Oct 3rd, Today

For each time period you need to be able to apply (explain & give specific examples) of the following concepts: -Society -Culture -Persons -Environment -Time -Power -Authority -Gender -Technology

If you were asked to describe the nature of ‘traditional’ Germany society, what would it look like? What is meant by the term ‘traditional society’? (p. 155) ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________

A custom or practice that has been handed down by generations over time. A tradition can be seen at both a social and a personal level. To help you see the student worksheet… ‘Then and Now Traditional Germany’

When did the ‘traditional Germany’ period end? Why? German universities became world-class centers for science and the humanities, while music and the arts flourished. Unification was achieved with the formation of the German Empire in 1871 under the leadership of Prussian Chancellor Otto von Bismarck. The Reichstag, an elected parliament, had only a limited role in the imperial government.German EmpireOtto von Bismarck Reichstag

Population The population of the German Confederation (excluding Austria) grew 60% from 1815 to 1865, from 21,000,000 to 34,000,000 Industrialisation - Before 1850 Germany lagged far behind the leaders in industrial development, Britain, France and Belgium by a wide margin. -By 1850, the German states were catching up, and by 1900 Germany was a world leader in industrialization, along with Britain and the United States. -In 1800, Germany's social structure was poorly suited to entrepreneurship or economic development. Domination by France during the era of the French Revolution (1790s to 1815), produced important institutional reforms, including the abolition of feudal restrictions on the sale of large landed estates, the reduction of the power of the guilds in the cities, and the introduction of a new, more efficient commercial law. -Nevertheless, traditionalism remained strong in most of Germany. Until midcentury, the guilds, the landed aristocracy, the churches, and the government bureaucracies had so many rules and restrictions that entrepreneurship was held in low esteem, and given little opportunity to develop.

Urbanisation -Industrialisation brought rural Germans to the factories, mines and railways= cities -The population in 1800 was heavily rural, with only 10% of the people living in communities of 5000 or more people, and only 2% living in cities of more than 100,000. -After 1815, the urban population grew rapidly, due primarily to the influx of young people from the rural areas. Berlin grew from 172,000 in 1800, to 826,000 in 1870; Hamburg grew from 130,000 to 290,000; Munich from 40,000 to 269,000; and Dresden from 60,000 to 177,000. Offsetting this growth, there was extensive emigration, especially to the United States. -Emigration totaled 480,000 in the 1840s, 1,200,000 in the 1850s, and 780,000 in the 1860s.

See power and authority student worksheet/table A simple way to address power and authority is through features of society and culture such as: -Political structure -Class structure -Racial ideologies -Gender roles

Conflict Theory: Applying CT to the History of Germany CHANGE: In Society and Culture when we look at change we are talking about significant changes to society and culture. This means changes to the way society is organised (politics, social structures and organisation such as education, class) and culture (beliefs, practices, traditions). Conflict Theory Founding Theorists: Karl Marx ( ) Research continued by Max Weber Main Ideas: RADICAL CHANGE is inevitable in society (revolutionary transformation) Social order is maintained through socisalisation, education and ideology (think of the Nazis) Each society reaches a CRISIS POINT and that is where the change occurs

Causes of Change: Conflict and subsequent change could be caused by a number of factors including: conflict between social classes (often seen in opposing political views) conflict between races conflict between genders Types of conflict Warfare and revolution Strikes and protests Domination and subjugation

Strengths/Weaknesses of CT General Strengths of Conflict theory: General Weaknesses of Conflict theory: Does not take into account how continuities happen Does not explain gradual change/ advancement or progression in a society (e.g. advancements in technology, science or the process of westernization) Does not really explain changes in family structures (i.e. how the family changes in organization) Does not take into account peaceful settlements or agreements????? (Division of Germany in 1945)

Gender ROLES and the STATUS of men and women

Scenario writing through the framework of STEEP!!!!