International Organization for Migration Mission in Ukraine COUNTER-TAFFICKING PROGRAMME Kyiv, Ukraine December 16, 2009

International Organization for Migration – I O M –  An inter-governmental organization that promotes humane and rights-based approaches to Migration and Development, Facilitating and Regulating Migration and Countering Trafficking in Human Beings.  Established in 1951  127 Member States / 17 states with observer status/over 440 field locations in more than 100 countries  IOM Mission in Ukraine, a member state, started operations in

IOM Mission in Ukraine Capacity Building in Migration Management  Technical Cooperation and Capacity Building  Assisted Voluntary Return Programme  Awareness raising Programmes  Transformation of the State Border Guard Service Counter Trafficking  Protection and Reintegration  Prevention and Advocacy  Prosecution and Criminalization Labour Migration  Labour Migration research on a continuous basis in Ukraine and the Western Newly Independent States (WNIS) sub-region Migration Health  Pre-departure Health and Travel assessment  Medical Rehabilitation Centre for victims of trafficking  HIV/AIDS prevention programmes for mobile populations Migration Movement Management  Pre- and post-interview processing, pre-departure cultural training and assistance with travel arrangements for potential migrants Cross Border Cooperation  Sharing experiences of the new EU Member States with Belarus, Moldova and Ukraine for migration and asylum legislation, polices and practices with EU standards Diversity Initiative  Promoting cultural understanding and interagency cooperation  Engage in public awareness raising and educational activities to encourage intercultural dialogue

IOM’s Counter-Trafficking Programme in Ukraine launched in 1998 aims to support government and civil society efforts to combat trafficking in human beings from, to and within the country. The Programme uses a three-tier approach: Protection and Reintegration Protection and Reintegration by providing assistance to victims of trafficking who are returning to their countries of origin, both directly and via partner NGOs Prosecution and Criminalization Prosecution and Criminalization by supporting executive (spec. law enforcement), legislative and judiciary structures to act more effectively against crimes of trafficking in persons Prevention and Advocacy Prevention and Advocacy by dissemination of information to further increase public awareness

International legislation against Trafficking Palermo Protocol (2000)Palermo Protocol (2000) Council of Europe Convention (2007) ILO Conventions against Forced Labour (1930) OSCE Action Plan EU Framework Decision (2009) EU Action Plan (2005) …and others

What is Trafficking in Persons? TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS ACTIONS: Recruitment Transportation Transfer Harboring Receipt of persons MEANS: Threat or Use of Force Other Coercion Abduction Fraud Deception Abuse of power/ position of vulnerability Giving/ receiving payments/benefits to achieve the consent of someone having control over another PURPOSE: exploitation of the prostitution of others other forms of sexual exploitation forced labor slavery-like practices servitude removal of organs - - The consent of a victim is irrelevant; - - Happens within and across national borders; - - ≠ smuggling of migrants; - - Crossing of international borders may happen legally/ illegally Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000)

Trafficking and related crimes Smuggling of Migrants -illegal border crossing -Illegal documents -voluntary -object: movement -crime against the state Irregular migration -legal/ illegal border crossing -legal/ illegal documents -illegal work -voluntary -object: work -crime against the state Trafficking in persons -legal/ illegal/ no border crossing -legal/ illegal documents -voluntary/ involuntary -restricted movement, control -object: a person -crime against the person

US TIP Report:US TIP Report: 800,000 persons are trafficked across international borders annually (excluding internal trafficking) International Labour Organization:International Labour Organization: 2.5. million persons (forced labour, including sexual exploitation) UNICEF:UNICEF: over 1,000,000 children become victims of trafficking annually European Union:European Union: 175, ,000 persons become victims of trafficking in the EU or transit through the EC annually IOM Mission in Ukraine:IOM Mission in Ukraine: over 110,000 Ukrainians have been trafficked abroad since 1991 Conclusion:Conclusion: no comparable data on trafficking due to How many people are affected by trafficking? Differences in definitions used by different agencies The hidden nature of trafficking Lack of monitoring of sectors where exploitation is most likely to occur

Trafficking is a profitable criminal business ILO:ILO: profits obtained from all forms of exploitation total $217.8 billion UNODC:UNODC: estimated annual profits from trafficking total $10-12 billion Interpol:Interpol: profits from sex trafficking estimated at $19 billion annually US TIP Report:US TIP Report: $32 billion annually, including $7 billion from sex trafficking (conservative estimation) Conclusion:Conclusion: the real amount of profits does not matter – it is high enough to attract many criminals to participate in the business

Countries of destination for Ukrainian victims of trafficking (IOM June 2009 caseload) over 110,000 Ukrainians 2008 IOM research: over 110,000 Ukrainians have suffered from human trafficking since ,021 VoTs assisted to date Returned from 60 different countries 61% trafficked to only 3 countries: Russia, Turkey, Poland 24 EU countries Also including countries like Nigeria, Yemen, Kazakhstan, Liberia, Moldova 7% - third country nationals (incl. 1 EU national)

Types of exploitation by gender (IOM caseload) 24% of VoTs assisted in are men 7% were trafficked as minors (2008) Educational and professional backgrounds are irrelevant

National Referral and Partnership Network in Ukraine 30 NGOs around Ukraine provide reintegration assistance to VoTs IOM Kyiv Medical Rehabilitation Centre established in 2002 Five regional reintegration centres run by partner NGOs 93% of VoTs are referred through national NGOs 45% are referred to NGOs by law enforcements and govt agencies; 38% referred by individuals incl. VoTs; 15% ID through NGO activities, and 2% other

Reintegration Assistance to Victims of Trafficking

Ukraine in the US Global TIP Report Issues: Lack of funding for protection and assistance for victims of trafficking Lack of proactive identification of trafficking victims and referral to available services Need for a comprehensive Counter-Trafficking Law Soft verdicts for traffickers Lack of transparent framework for Government–NGO cooperation Lack of alternatives to repatriation for third country VoTs

Trafficking Prevention Hotline 527, Centres for Migrant’s Advice Education System Outreach Focused awareness raising (religious leaders, journalists, trade unions) Engaging broader circle of stakeholders (private sector, employers’ associations, etc.) NGO-lead local campaigns Theater-forum Mass events (MTV concert) PSAs, work with mass media Engagement of youth …and more

IOM CONTACTS: Tel.: Website: Contact person in IOM Kyiv: Kateryna Ardanyan THANK YOU!