Aesthetic Theories in Classical Antiquity Introduction.

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Presentation transcript:

Aesthetic Theories in Classical Antiquity Introduction

An Elementary Conceptual Division Aesthetics (beauty in general) Philosophy of art (art and the arts) Criticism (artworks)

Main phases Aesthetics –Beauty is an objective quality (antiquity) –Beauty is something subjective (modernity) Philosophy of art –Art as imitation (intellectual theory) –Art as expression (emotional theory)

Antiquity and Middle Ages Plato ( ) Aristotle ( ) Plotinus ( ) Augustine ( ) Thomas Aquinas ( )

17 th -19 th centuries Lord Shaftesbury Hutchinson Hume Kant Hegel Schopenhauer Nietzsche

20th Century Croce Collingwood Benjamin Weitz Danto Dickie

Kristeller The Modern System of the Fine Arts dates from around 1750 –Poetry –Painting –Sculpture –Architecture –Music

Antiquity Beauty –Concept of beauty more general than now –Relation between beauty and morality –Idea of beauty not related to the arts Art –Art as techne –Relation between art and craft

Relations between the arts Poetry is the noblest art –Poetry and inspiration –Comparison between poetry and painting The fine arts do not constitute a separate class even though Plato and Aristotle distinguish them from utilitarian craft: –Idea of imitation (mimesis) –They differ on the value of imitation

The Seven Liberal Arts 1.Grammar 2.Rhetoric 3.Logic 4.Arithmetic 5.Geometry 6.Astronomy 7.Music (Architecture and Medicine)

The Nine Muses 1. Calliope – Epic 2. Clio – History 3. Erato – Lyric poetry 4. Euterpe – Flute playing 5. Melpomene – Tragedy 6. Polymnia – Hymns 7. Terpsichore – Dance and Choirs 8. Thalia – Comedy 9. Urania – Astronomy

Conclusion about Antiquity No consequent aesthetic system of the arts –Aesthetic values among moral, religious and utilitarian values –Arts among sciences and crafts But one can observe certain criteria of beauty – Chroma kai symmetria: (bright) colour and (symmetrical) proportion

Late Antiquity & Middle Ages The seven liberal arts constitute the framework –Trivium –Quadrivium The fine arts are scattered between systems –Poetry and music among the liberal arts –Visual arts among the crafts

The seven mechanical arts 1.Weaving 2.Arms-making 3.Navigation 4.Agriculture 5.Hunting 6.Medicine 7.Theatrics

Art and artist Art = Knowledge of a craft or a science Artist = Craftsman or student Yet: Thomas Aquinas discusses aesthetic values: Integritas (unity), consonantia (harmony), claritas (brightness)