EMPEROR AND CONQUEROR Napoleon

The Siege of Toulon November-December 1793 Southern French city French Republic vs. Spain, Britain, and French Royalists Brings Napoleon to the attention of Parisian elites

Whiff of Grapeshot October 5, 1795 Uprising of royalists in Paris Napoleon and gunners defend the National Convention He becomes a hero and savior of the French Republic

Coup d'état November 9-10, 1799 Troops surrounded the national legislature and drove out most of its members Remaining lawmakers voted to dissolve the Directory Established a group of three Consuls

First Consul December 13, 1799 Obtained dictatorial powers Made government more efficient Abolished remnants of class and privilege

Changes Under Napoleon Set up lycées: government run public schools Created a comprehensive and uniform system of laws, the Napoleonic Code Signed a concordat: formal agreement between the pope and a government  Recognized influence of Church, but rejected its control in national affairs

Emperor Napoleon I December 2, 1804 Decided to make himself emperor Had support of the people Took crown from pope and placed it on his own head

Napoleon’s Empire

The Russian Campaign 1812 Alliance with Russia breaks down Napoleon invades with over 420,000 soldiers Russians practice scorched-earth policy 10,000 survive the campaign

First Abdication and Exile April 6, 1814 accepts terms of surrender and gives up his throne May 4, 1814-February 26, 1815  Napoleon is given a small pension and banished to Elba

The Hundred Days Louis XVI’s brother assumes the throne as Louis XVIII  Suspected of trying to undo the progress made during the French Revolution March 1815-Napoleon escapes Elba and returns to Paris  Within days he becomes emperor again

Waterloo European allies prepare to battle Napoleon June 18, 1815 French and British troops clash at Waterloo With the support of Prussian reinforcements Napoleon is defeated

Second Abdication and Exile June 22, 1815  Napoleon is forced to abdicate the throne again October 1815-May 1821  To prevent him from returning, the British exile him to Saint Helena

Death of Napoleon May 5, 1821  Dies of a stomach ailment December 15, 1840  His remains are brought back to France and placed at the Invalides