Explorers Notes

Some key words to know…. What does it mean to Explore - to search an area for purposes of discovery What does it mean to Explore - to search an area for purposes of discovery Who is an Explorer- a person who investigates unknown regions Who is an Explorer- a person who investigates unknown regions What is Exploration- the journey to search What is Exploration- the journey to search What does it mean to have a Discovery- the act or instance of discovering (to find) What does it mean to have a Discovery- the act or instance of discovering (to find)

Is there anything in today’s time period that is still left to be EXPLORD?

The First Explorers… 70,000 BC- 12,000 BC 70,000 BC- 12,000 BC –There was a land bridge from Siberia to Alaska –This land bridge crossed the Bering Strait

Then…. Around 8,000 BC the people in the New World started to migrate south from the upper areas of Siberia and Alaska down into Canada, and New Mexico Around 8,000 BC the people in the New World started to migrate south from the upper areas of Siberia and Alaska down into Canada, and New Mexico

Then.. Around 5,000 BC people began to migrate from the North American continent down into the South American continent. Around 5,000 BC people began to migrate from the North American continent down into the South American continent.

Think about Question… Why would the groups of Natives keep moving once they have crossed the Bering Straight? Why would the groups of Natives keep moving once they have crossed the Bering Straight?

The Vikings are coming… Sometime between AD the Vikings led by Leif Erickson headed west from Greenland and Iceland. Sometime between AD the Vikings led by Leif Erickson headed west from Greenland and Iceland. They traveled to Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, and possibly as far south as Cape Cod. They traveled to Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, and possibly as far south as Cape Cod. After three years they were run out of North America by hostile natives After three years they were run out of North America by hostile natives

Columbus sails the ocean blue… In the year 1492, Christopher Columbus sails for the country of Spain In the year 1492, Christopher Columbus sails for the country of Spain He decides to sail WEST instead of East He decides to sail WEST instead of East He landed in what he called the West Indies but it was actually the Caribbean Islands He landed in what he called the West Indies but it was actually the Caribbean Islands

Columbus’s Voyages…

A little Humor…

How do we know this happened??? EVIDENCE… EVIDENCE… –Scientists and Archeologists use many different forms of evidence to put together a timeline of past events. –Examples include… Artifacts, bones, carbon- dating, languages, human DNA and blood types, weapons, tools, pottery, and plant movements.

Real Evidence…

Factors leading to Exploration…Why go exploring??? It took a combination of many different factors to drive explorers out into the oceans It took a combination of many different factors to drive explorers out into the oceans The main reasons can be grouped into four categories… The main reasons can be grouped into four categories… Geographic Economic Technological Political

Geographic: Where you live Land Route to Asia took too long, needed to find a faster way Land Route to Asia took too long, needed to find a faster way Portuguese explorers found route to Asia by sailing to the south around Africa Portuguese explorers found route to Asia by sailing to the south around Africa People in Europe started to wonder about what other routes were out there… People in Europe started to wonder about what other routes were out there…

Economic: Money reasons Monopoly of trade routes by Venice and Genoa, knew the safe trade routes, didn’t want to share them Monopoly of trade routes by Venice and Genoa, knew the safe trade routes, didn’t want to share them High Prices of goods because of distance and passing through many hands. Everyone that helps get the goods to their destination gets some profit…price goes up when more people help High Prices of goods because of distance and passing through many hands. Everyone that helps get the goods to their destination gets some profit…price goes up when more people help Portuguese contact with Africa resulted in new source for goods (such as gold, salt, rubber, etc.) Portuguese contact with Africa resulted in new source for goods (such as gold, salt, rubber, etc.)

Technological: Advances in inventions Improvements in sails, shipbuilding, and navigational instruments Improvements in sails, shipbuilding, and navigational instruments Examples of such inventions include…. Examples of such inventions include…. –Astrolabe- determines latitude and longitude –Compass- determines direction –Caravel- faster, larger than other ships

More Technological Factors… Prince Henry of Portugal starts a school for navigators in his home country of Portugal Prince Henry of Portugal starts a school for navigators in his home country of Portugal People from all over Europe including navigators, ship captains, sailors, and cartographers (mapmakers) to come and learn at his school. People from all over Europe including navigators, ship captains, sailors, and cartographers (mapmakers) to come and learn at his school.

Political: governments and countries Ottoman Turks controlled much of land and known sea routes…would charge you a fee to pass through their country or not let you go Ottoman Turks controlled much of land and known sea routes…would charge you a fee to pass through their country or not let you go A collection of small kingdoms changed into large nations, with large armies and lots of money to fund trips and explorers A collection of small kingdoms changed into large nations, with large armies and lots of money to fund trips and explorers Portugal became a leader by finding a new route to Asia, a new source of goods to be traded. This made other countries want to explore and find goods also. Portugal became a leader by finding a new route to Asia, a new source of goods to be traded. This made other countries want to explore and find goods also.

Trade Routes between

Columbus’s voyages in 1492 caused a chain reaction about European Countries…. Columbus’s voyages in 1492 caused a chain reaction about European Countries…. Because of his discovery other European Countries such as Portugal, France, England, and the Netherlands paid explorers to sail around the world finding and claiming new land, new trade routes, and new goods to buy and sell. Because of his discovery other European Countries such as Portugal, France, England, and the Netherlands paid explorers to sail around the world finding and claiming new land, new trade routes, and new goods to buy and sell.

Columbus changed exploration and transformed the New World Columbus changed exploration and transformed the New World Columbus took the culture from the Native peoples that inhabited the new worlds leading to their near disappearance Columbus took the culture from the Native peoples that inhabited the new worlds leading to their near disappearance Columbus started the transatlantic slave trade, which created the institution of slavery as we in America knew it to exist until 1865 Columbus started the transatlantic slave trade, which created the institution of slavery as we in America knew it to exist until 1865

Words to know and understand… Slavery- the practice of slaveholding, working against one’s own will Slavery- the practice of slaveholding, working against one’s own will Racism- discrimination against members of one or more race; belief that certain people/ races are superior to others Racism- discrimination against members of one or more race; belief that certain people/ races are superior to others Ethnocentrism- the belief that one’s own culture is better than other cultures or ethnic groups Ethnocentrism- the belief that one’s own culture is better than other cultures or ethnic groups

More Words to know… Circumnavigate- to sail completely around the world Circumnavigate- to sail completely around the world Northwest Passage- a non-existent path through North America that early explorers searched for, which would allow ships to sail from the Atlantic to Pacific ocean Northwest Passage- a non-existent path through North America that early explorers searched for, which would allow ships to sail from the Atlantic to Pacific ocean

And just a few more words to know… Columbian Exchange- transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Americas, Europe, and Africa Columbian Exchange- transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Americas, Europe, and Africa Straight- narrow winding sea passage Straight- narrow winding sea passage Capital- money or property that is used to earn more money Capital- money or property that is used to earn more money

Not really the end of the story… A lot more to come…