Usman Rafique NAME : USMAN RAFIQUE SUPERVISOR: Prof Rikku Jänttii

Usman Rafique Mesh Networks Routing Protocols in Mesh / ADHOC networks Limitations of Mesh Networks Proposed modification Implementation Aspects Simulation Aspects Conclusion Future Directions Contents

Usman Rafique Mesh Networks Future Wireless Network Architecture Hot Research Area DIGITAL CLOUDDIGITAL CLOUD

Usman Rafique Routing In Mesh Networks Pro active Protocols Reactive Protocols AODV protocol Nodes are Routers

Usman Rafique Mesh Networks Limitations Energy supply Security Service discovery Congestion and quality of service Current research focusing on these limitations Focus of this thesis is intelligent routing attacking battery life saving

Usman Rafique Proposed modification Restrict to Layer 3 Cross layer solution is optimal Routing protocol modifications Send traffic to robust routes Sense network energy at traffic source

Usman Rafique Implementation Aspects Test bed comprised of Laptops and PDAs Open Source Linux reference solutions Lifetime estimation from instantanous bettery and traffic predictoins Network energy sensing: Incorporated in route establishment procedure Nodes tell their life in signaling phase

Usman Rafique E Total Ф Tx P Tx + Ф Tx P Rx + P CPU Life time = Where ФTx= Transmitted traffic PTx= Transmitter power ФRx= Received traffic PRx= Received Power PCPU= CPU power consumption E_Total= Total Energy Of battery left Implementation Packets format changes | Type |J|R|G| Reserved | Hop Count | | Flooding ID | | Destination IP Address | | Destination Sequence Number | | Source IP Address | | Source Sequence Number | |Type | Length | Node Lifetime| RREQ packet Type = RREQ_EXT if (fwd_rt->flags & RT_INV_SEQNO || rrep_seqno > fwd_rt->dest_seqno || (rrep_seqno == fwd_rt->dest_seqno && (fwd_rt->state == INVALID || fwd_rt->flags & RT_UNIDIR || rrep_new_hcnt hcnt || route_life > fwd_rt->life_um Routing Table Updation Changes Node Life Calculation Model

Usman Rafique Implementation/Testing Traffic source directs traffic to most robust route possible at route establishment stage Device recalcutaes its energy status in 2 sec intervals Protocol validated and tested on Laptops and PDAs test bed On table routes formation method was developed using iptables and netfilters in linux Multihop topologies were tested RREQ RREQ Life = 45 RREQ Life = 35 RREQ Life = 35 RREQ Life = 45 RREQ Life = 25 RREP RREP Life = 35 RREP Life = 35 RREP Life = 35 RREP Life = 25 RREP Life = 25

Usman Rafique Simulation Aspects NS-2 simulator is used Ns2: Easy network creation using TCL ecrpting front end Open source impolementation with animation and tracing for analysis features C++ is used in back end for performance gain Our motivation: Testing protocol is scaled networks

Usman Rafique Conclusions and Future Directions Benefits Long lasting routes Hidden congestion control Long operation of nodes

Usman Rafique Conclusions and Future Directions Drawbacks Longer routes can be formed Aggragate power cosumtion (Total network power per route) may be increased Packet delay increases Future Porting the protocol on embedded devices Do simulations in ns-2 with taking mobility into account

Usman Rafique Thank You Questions are Welcome