17575_03_2003 © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Optical Networking: From Photons to Packets Rajiv Ramaswami VP/GM Optical Technology Group

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved _03_2003 Optical Post Bubble

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved _03_2003 Outline Network evolution Where are core networks headed? Where are metro/access networks headed?

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved _03_2003 Networks in Transition Today: Service Specific Networks Narrowband Access Network Broadband Access Network Radio Access Network SONET/SDH Access Network High Speed (Ethernet) Access Network Voice Network (Circuit) TDM Network (Circuit) FR/ATM Network (Packet) Public IP Network (Packet) Private IP/MPLS Network (Packet) Optical Network (Circuit) Challenges: Capex Opex Service Velocity

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved _03_2003 Networks in Transition Future: One Network, Many Services Broadband Access Network Radio Access Network 2.5G/3G/4G/WLAN SONET/SDH Access Network High Speed (Ethernet) Access Network TDM Network (Circuit) Public Private IP/MPLS Network Optical Network

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved _03_2003 Access and core Networking: End-End Data Delivery Core Network Access Network Core networks: IP+WDM Access Networks: NG SONET/SDH with packet integration Boundaries between packet and optical blurring Consistent interworking across optical and packet layers NG SONET WDM IP/MPLS

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved _03_2003 Optical in the Network Core Reconfigurable optical WDM layer with optical bypass O/E/O minimized---capex/opex reduction Switching for automated connection provisioning SONET-like look and feel Direct connections between routers SONET largely irrelevant Router

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved _03_2003 Integration between IP and Optical In the Core End-to-end optical layer onto which TDM, IP & wavelength services converge 1.Colored tunable interfaces directly on the router 2.A switched optical convergence layer 3.Integrated management 4.Integrated control plane Router Optical Layer Unified Control Plane Unified Management

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved _03_2003 Legacy DWDM Systems: Manual DWDM Network Life-Cycle Complicated Network Planning Manual installation, manual power measurements and VOA tweaking at every site for every wavelength Labor-intensive operation Manual provisioning of optical design parameters Manual provisioning of equipment & topology into EMS/NMS Manual DWDM processes: labor intensive and error prone Result: high OpEx costs

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved _03_2003 Next Gen Optical Layer Automated DWDM Network Life-Cycle Automated optical layer for end-to-end connection setup; Manual patching of client at end-points only Automated provisioning of all parameters EMS/NMS learns from the network and stays in sync Automated DWDM: simplified TDM-like installation and on-going operation Result: Reduces OpEx, facilitates wide deployment Easy planning with sophisticated tool Simplified, graphical A-Z lightpath provisioning & trouble shooting Easy changes to design based on actual fiber plant Automated end-to- end lightpath setup

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved _03_2003 Next Gen Optical Layer Enabling Technologies Automated optical layer for end-to-end connection setup; Manual patching of client at end-points only Easy planning with sophisticated tool Simplified, graphical A-Z lightpath provisioning & trouble shooting via CTM Planning & simulation tool Sophisticated EMS Auto Node Setup ROADM Auto Power Control

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved _03_2003 Metro/Access Network Evolution: Services and Transport technologies FC GE 10/100 E1/3 DS-1/3 ESCON STM-n 10GE OC-n Data Voice Storage NG SONET/SDH RPR MPLS DWDM/CWDM Data Voice Services: SONET/ SDH Transport:

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved _03_2003 Delivering Data Services Access RingsOffice Interoffice Rings PoP Access RingsOfficePoP New build versus … integrate data into TDM infrastructure Option A: Overbuild for New Services Option B: Integrate New Services onto NG SONET Interoffice Rings

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved _03_2003 Hub office / PoP End office Cross- Connect ADM Today’s Network: Transport is not aware of service layer Router Chan 10G DS3 DS1 DS0 DS3 (TDM container) DS1 DS0 Customer A Customer B Customer C ADM Chan 10G DS3 DS1 DS0 DS3 (TDM container) DS1 DS0 Customer D Customer E Customer F Low utilization from Customer site is carried all the way to the POP

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved _03_2003 End office Multi- Service Access MSA Tomorrow’s Network: Service aware transport Multi- Service Edge Router Non- chan 1GE MPLS Pseudowire Customer A Customer B Customer C MSA Customer D Customer E Customer F Packet aggregation at each stage improves utilization & density by 10x Non- chan 1GE MPLS Pseudowire Hub office

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved _03_2003 Summary Yesterday Optical and IP separate NG SONET with L1 Ethernet Manually intensive WDM Tomorrow Ethernet/MPLS into optical WDM into routers NG SONET with L2 Ethernet, SAN, RPR, WDM Plug and play, reconfigurable WDM

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved _03_2003