Freedom…Now what? Roll Call: What color is your toothbrush?

Mental Floss Objective – Identify the problems of the American Revolution that caused the need for a stronger central government. – Identify the compromises debated at the Constitutional Convention. 1.What were 3 reasons the colonists thought that it was important to write a declaration to declare independence. 2.Pick the top 2 causes of the American Revolution and explain why. Vocab – Articles of Confederation – Shays’ Rebellion – Land Ordinance – Northwest Ordinance – Constitution – VA Plan – NJ Plan – Great Compromise – 3/5 Compromise – Electoral College

Boost morale Get other countries involved Tell Parliament what we were doing Taxing without representation French and Indian War

5 minutes to study for your Mini-Test Get out your breakup letters 1.1 – English Documents (Magna Carta, Parliament, English Bill of Rights, and Common Law 1.2 – 4 philosophers (Montesquieu, Rousseau, Locke, Hobbes) 1.3 – Causes of the Revolution - flipchart 20 questions (MC, TF, Fill in the Blank, Short Answer)

Articles of Confederation Strengths and Weaknesses

No Executive or Judicial Branch No National Army No Power to Tax No Power to Enforce Laws Each state got one vote States hold the power Northwest Ordinance Land Ordinance Shay’s Rebellion States are in control. 13 different opinions on every issue. Large states and small states have the same amount of power. Bad for Virginia. Bad for Rhode Island. Would everyone speed if there were no cops? Why would the colonists not want a strong executive? What would happen if the country went back to war? Wars are expensive. How would the colonists pay for the Revolutionary War? They were in serious debt. Organized the new lands New states could join the United States

Shays’ Rebellion Who? Daniel Shays What? Rebellion of Farmers When? 1786 – 1787 Where? Philadelphia and Massachusetts Why? against state and local enforcement of tax collections and judgments for debt.

Philadelphia Constitutional Convention Led by James Madison and George Washington 12 of 13 states agreed to meet to revise the Articles (at first)

Delegates 1.55 delegates chosen by their states because of their influence 2.Thomas Jefferson and John Adams were not present b/c they were representatives in Europe at the time

Operating Procedures 1.Each state one vote, simple majority would win 2.Held in complete secrecy so delegates could talk freely 3.Major Debates- Distribution of political power, rights of individuals, rights of states, slavery

Plans & Compromises A.Virginia Plan 1.James Madison the main contributor 2.Bicameral (two houses) Congress 3.Representation by population B.New Jersey Plan 1.Similar to Articles 2.One house congress 3.Equal Representation by state

Analyzing the 1790 Census 1.List the states from most populous to least populous 2.Circle the top 5 most populous, bottom 4 least populous 3.How do you think these two groups would want representation decided in Congress ?

1790 United States Census Data StateTotal PopulationSlave Population Connecticut 237,9462,764 Delaware59,0968,887 Georgia82,54829,264 Maryland319,728103,036 Massachusetts378,7870 New Hampshire141, New Jersey184,13911,423 New York340,12021,324 North Carolina141,885100,572 Pennsylvania434,3733,737 Rhode Island68, South Carolina249,073107,094 Virginia691,737292,627

1790 Census Data 1. Virginia 2. Pennsylvania 3. North Carolina 4. Massachusetts 5. New York 6. Maryland 7. South Carolina 8. Connecticut 9. New Jersey 10. New Hampshire 11. Georgia 12. Rhode Island 13. Delaware

Great Compromise = Connecticut Compromise 1.Two house Congress 2.House of Representatives 1.Based on Population 2.VA Plan 3.Senate 1.Equal representation 2.NJ Plan

Three-Fifths Compromise 1.Southern states wanted slaves to count toward population for representation 2.Every slave would count as 3/5ths of a person

Slave Trade and Commerce 1.North: Congress to control all trade 2.South: was afraid of congress taxing exports and stopping importing slaves 3.Compromise: Congress control trade, not tax exports, and slave trade end in 1808

Electoral College 1.Congress or people decide president? 2.Compromise: state legislatures pick through electoral college 3.Now: Each state gets votes based on number of total representatives in Congress

Compromises of the Constitutional Convention Independently or with a partner use your Graphic Organizer to organize the various compromises made at the Constitutional Convention Use your own words to describe each compromise

Brain Break Weaknesses in Government What are some weaknesses you see in our form of government? If you had the power to change anything in our democratic system, what would it be?

Exit Slip – What was the difference between the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan?