Do Now: A heretic has just been condemned to death by the church. He has to choose between three rooms: The first is full of raging fires, the second is full of assassins with loaded guns, and the third is full of lions that haven’t eaten in 3 years. Which room is safest for him? Explain.

The third. Lions that haven’t eaten in three years are dead

Counter Reformation The Catholic Church fights back!

How did the Church fight back? Ignatius of Loyola founded the Society of Jesus, known as the Jesuits. Used education to spread message around world.

How did the Church fight back? Council of Trent: Reaffirmed Catholic teachings in opposition to Protestantism. Forbid the selling of indulgences Defended the need for seven sacraments and traditional mass.

How did the Church fight back? Index of Prohibited Books Started in 1557 Ended in 1966

How did the Church fight back? Inquisition Goal was to eliminate heretics. Medieval: Roman:1542-late 1600’s Spanish:

Why isn’t torture a reliable way to get information? Because people will say anything to make the pain stop. Even admitting to a crime they did not commit!

Strappado A form of torture in which the victim is lifted off the ground by a rope attached to the wrists, which have been tied behind the back, and then is dropped partway to the ground with a jerk.

Water Cure the victim is forced to drink large quantities of water in a short time, resulting in gastric distension, water intoxication, and possibly death.Often the victim has the mouth forced or wedged open, the nose closed with pincers and a funnel or strip of cloth forced down the throat. The victim has to drink all the water (or other liquids such as bile or urine) poured into the funnel to avoid drowning.

The Rack Device that was used to stretch the body. One gruesome aspect of being stretched too far on the rack is the loud popping noises made by snapping cartilage, ligaments or bones. Eventually, if the application of the rack is continued, the victim's limbs are ripped right off. One powerful method for putting pressure upon a prisoner was to merely force him to view someone else being subjected to the rack.

Judas Cradle The victim would be placed on top of a pyramid-like seat for hours, even days. Torturers would sometimes oil the seat, add weights to the victim's legs, and or repeatedly drop the victim as to increase pain and hurry the victim's death. This device was rarely, if at all, washed. If the victim did not die quickly enough, they would invariantly die from an infection.

The Saw the victim is suspended upside down as the torturers saw into the victim's crotch. All of the blood in the head oxygenated the brain so that the victim would not pass out as one normally would under such excruciating pain. Typically, the saw would reach the victim's navel before unconsciousness would take hold -- sometimes as far as the midriff.

The Wheel The torturer would then smash each limb and joint with the heavy, iron-enhanced wheel. Then after all of the bones were broken, each arm and leg was braided into the spokes of the wheel and then hoisted upright for display. The agonizing victim would remain in this position for days as crows and insects feasted on him or her until death.