Revolts in England English Civil War & Glorious Revolution Charles I Oliver Cromwell

Absolute Monarchy Absolute Monarchy Louis XIV French Absolute Monarch King rule with no check to power Often felt ruled by “divine right” Decisions were final without debate

Magna Carta (1215) What: - contract signed between English nobles & King of England (in 1215) Importance: Established principles which limited the power of the King. –Eventually led to the establishment of British Parliament Comprised of 63 clauses including: –establishing basic legal rights –King must ask for popular consent for taxes

England’s Limited Monarchy (after Magna Carta) KING Parliament English Kings still resisted sharing power! Limited Monarchy King rule with checks & balances to power

Conflict in England Elizabeth I dies 1603 –Frequent problems with Parliament –Left financial problems James I assumes throne –felt he had absolute power “Kings are justly called Gods, for that….they exercise a manner…of a divine power upon earth” James I

1625 James I dies, Charles I assumes throne Several times Charles I dissolved Parliament England Parliament was responsible for allocating money 1628-Forced to accept Petition of Right

Petition of Right [1628] What: new law which further limited King’s power to tax, imprison, etc… Importance: Charles I ignores new law – England falls into conflict over the power of the King versus Parliament My power is absolute!

English Civil War ( ) Charles I fights to maintain absolute power Oliver Cromwell emerges as powerful general to fight against King Charles I brought to trial for treason –Executed after trial –Cromwell assumes power Oliver Cromwell Kings had Never been executed before

Oliver Cromwell Puritan Leader who rules England Attempted to impose “Puritan” morals on England Grew increasingly unhappy with Parliament Eventually ruled as military dictator He was replaced by Charles II after his death in 1658 What is ironic about his rule?

Puritan Revolution Video

Charles II rules after Cromwell’s death in 1658 His rule is known as the Restoration The Road of Enlightened Ideas Habeas Corpus is passed

Habeas Corpus 1679 Prisoner had the right to be reviewed before a Judge Judges decide whether a prisoner should stand trial The King could not just put someone in jail

Importance: England adopts: Bill of Rights & Constitutional Monarchy Glorious Revolution (1688) William & Mary “overthrow” James II Considered a “bloodless” revolution James II replaces Charles II

No suspending of Parliaments laws No levying of taxes without Parliament approval No interfering with freedom of speech No penalty for protesting a king about grievances Bill of Rights 1689

Constitutional Monarchy (1689) After no monarch could rule without parliament consent Foundation for the current Government of England! Cabinet developed—leader of cabinet became known as Prime Minister England becomes a

Grid Work