What is electromagnetic radiation? radiation moving at the speed of light

To a certain degree the stability of a nucleus can be correlated to its ratio of _________ to ________ Protons, neutrons

_____________ of cadmium or boron are used to control the fission process inside the reactor by absorbing neutrons during the reaction. Control rods

What type of radiation has sufficient energy to damage DNA? Ionizing radiation

List 2 of the 4 types of nuclear reactions. Radioactive Decay Nuclear Bombardment Fission Fusion

What is the name of the woman who was a pioneer of nuclear chemistry? Marie Curie

What is the charge of an alpha particle? +2

How are nuclear reactions different from chemical reactions? Chemical = involve boding of valence electrons; same types & amounts of atoms on reactant side as product side Nuclear = involve changes in the nucleus (protons/neutrons); different atoms as reactant side as compared to product s

What are the 3 types of nuclear radiation? Alpha particles Beta particles Gamma rays

What is the nuclear symbol for an alpha particle AND beta particle? Alpha = Beta =

What could stop gamma rays? Several cm of lead/cement

What could stop alpha particles? A piece of paper

What is the charge of a beta particle?

The spontaneous break-down of a nucleus into a slightly lighter nucleus, accompanied by the emission of nuclear radiation is known as ____ Radioactive decay

Radiation with NOT enough energy to ionize atoms or molecules is called __________ Non-ionizing radiation

Which type of nuclear radiation travels at the speed of light? Gamma rays

Mass of fissionable material needed to sustain a nuclear chain reaction is called ________ Critical mass

A general term for any type of energy that emanates or radiates outward in all directions is called ______ Radiation

Write the hyphen notation of an isotope of radium (Ra) with the mass number of 238 and atomic number of 88 Radium - 238

Write the nuclear symbol of an isotope with an atomic number of 13 and a mass number of 29.

A change in the identity of a nucleus because of a change in the number of its protons is called ______ Transmutation

What is fission? A heavy nucleus SPLITS- forming medium weight nuclei

Atoms of the same element having different numbers of NEUTRONS and, therefore, a different mass number and atomic mass are called ________ Isotopes

During fission and fusion reactions, what is the relationship between the MASS of the reactants and the products? The mass of the products is LESS than the mass of the reactants

What type of nuclear radiation consists of particles containing two protons and two neutrons? Alpha

Which type of nuclear radiation has NO CHARGE? Gamma Rays

______ is the missing mass of a nuclear reaction that is converted into energy. Mass defect

Which type of nuclear radiation has the LARGEST mass? Alpha particles

The time needed for the decay of one half the atoms in a sample of radioactive material is known as______________ ½ life

What powers the sun? FUSION

What type of nuclear reaction occurs when the nucleus is hit with alpha particles, neutrons, protons or other particles? Nuclear Bombardment

Small amounts of mass are converted to HUGE amounts of energy according to Einstein's famous formula. What is this formula? E = mc 2

What type of nuclear reaction happens at TMI? FISSION

What is a benefit of radiation? Medicine Military Anthropology Food-microwaves Energy- electricity

What type of radiation is emitted in the following equation? Beta Particle

Balance the following equation.

Which type of nuclear radiation has the HIGHEST ionizing ability? Alpha Particle

List an example of how radiation is BENEFICIAL. Medicine- tracers, cancer treatment Military – bombs Anthropology – carbon dating Food – microwaves Electricity - TMI

Which type of nuclear radiation has the LOWEST ionizing ability? Gamma rays

How long does it take one radioactive atom to decay? It is impossible to tell!! – Half-life is based on a sample of radioactive atoms

What is fusion? 2 light weight nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus

Which would produce the MOST energy from a reaction? Fission OR Fusion FUSION