Simple Organic Compounds

Organic Chemistry  Study of carbon-containing compounds Contain C and H; often O, N, and other elements as well

Alkanes  Compounds containing only H and C are called hydrocarbons  Basic class of hydrocarbons is the ALKANES: Each C is bonded to 4 other atoms (either C or H) Methane Ethane Propane Butane

Derivatives Alkanes  H atom of an Alkane is replaced with a functional group.  Example: Alcohols

Alcohols  Replace an H atom from an alkane with an –OH group Methanol

Naming Alcohols  Use the name of the alkane from which it is derived  Change the ending to –ol EthaneEthanol

Naming Alkanes  All end in -ane  Those with 5 or more carbon atoms: prefixes are used (Table 2.6) Ex: Alkane with 5 C- pentane Ex: 8 C- octane (gasoline)

Properties of Alcohols  Very different from the alkane from which they were derived  Methane, ethane, and propane  colorless gases  Methanol, ethanol, and propanol  colorless liquids

Foundation of Organic Compounds  Long chains of C-C bonding (alkanes and alcohols)  As C-C gets longer, a new substance/new physical properties forms  Polyethylene- alkanes with over tens of thousands of C atoms Solid substance- plastic bags, food containers, lab equipment