HTTP1 Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) After this lecture, you should be able to:  Know how Web Browsers and Web Servers communicate via HTTP Protocol.

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Presentation transcript:

HTTP1 Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) After this lecture, you should be able to:  Know how Web Browsers and Web Servers communicate via HTTP Protocol.  HTTP main property: stateless.  HTTP Request – HTTP Response.

HTTP2 Client Browser 1 HTTP Request PHP Module 3 4 Apache Web Server HTTP Protocol: Request and Response DB 2 5 MySQL 6 HTTP Response

HTTP3 HTTP Protocol: Request and Response

HTTP4 Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)  HTTP is an application-level protocol for document retrieval used by the World-Wide Web.  A client requests a document to be retrieved.  A server provides (responds) the requested document.  A document is identified by a URL (Uniform Resource Locator).  For the latest information, visit

HTTP5 Examples of HTTP URLs  The server retrieves file index.html (or index.php) in the root Web directory on host  /cs275/ The server retrieves file index.php in directory classes\eecs\summer2010\cs275\public_html on host classes.engr.oregonstate.edu. /cs275/  The client sends a request to a TCP socket connected to port

HTTP6 Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)  HTTP is simple and versatile:  generic -- it can be used for various kinds of data.  object-oriented -- it supports different kinds of commands (methods).  stateless -- the server does not need to remember or worry about the state of the client.

HTTP7 Example of HTTP Request summer2010/cs275/ GET /eecs/summer2010/cs275/ HTTP/1.1 Host: classes.engr.oregonstate.edu User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US; rv: ) Gecko/ Firefox/3.6.6 Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8 Accept-Language: en-us,en;q=0.5 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate Accept-Charset: ISO ,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7 Keep-Alive: 115 Connection: keep-alive

HTTP8 Server Response HTTP/ OK Date: Mon, 19 Jul :15:08 GMT Server: Apache/2.2.3 (Red Hat) Set-Cookie: SESSbe80a35b84f4d2923d8e921a2f4864ef=pksdju74f0chg9j2 kci37sf457; expires=Wed, 11 Aug :48:29 GMT; path=/; domain=.classes.engr.oregonstate.edu Expires: Sun, 19 Nov :00:00 GMT Last-Modified: Mon, 19 Jul :15:09 GMT Cache-Control: store, no-cache, must-revalidate, post- check=0, pre-check=0 Connection: close Transfer-Encoding: chunked Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8

HTTP9 HTTP Methods  GET To retrieve the data identified by the URL.  HEAD To retrieve the header information of the entity identified by the URL.  POST To request the server to accept the data enclosed in the request.  PUT To store the enclosed data under the URL specified.  DELETE To delete the entity specified by the URL.  OPTIONS To obtain information on available communication options.

HTTP10 Request Syntax Request = Request-Line *( general-header | request-header | entity-header ) CRLF [ message-body ] Request-Line = Method SP Request-URI SP HTTP-Version CRLF Method = "OPTIONS" | "GET" | "HEAD" | "POST" | "PUT" | "DELETE" | "TRACE" | extension-method message-body = entity-body |

HTTP11 Request Header request-header = Accept | Accept-Charset | Accept-Encoding | Accept-Language | Authorization | From | Host | If-Modified-Since | If-Match | If-None-Match | If-Range | If-Unmodified-Since | Max-Forwards | Proxy-Authorization | Range | Referer | User-Agent

HTTP12 Response Syntax Response = Status-Line *( general-header | response-header | entity-header ) CRLF [ message-body ] message-body = entity-body |

HTTP13 Status Code Status-Line = HTTP-Version SP Status-Code SP Reason-Phrase CRLF Status Code Categories 1xx -- information 2xx -- successful 3xx -- continue 4xx -- client error 5xx -- server error Status-Code = "100" ; Continue | "101" ; Switching Protocols | "200" ; OK | "201" ; Created | "202" ; Accepted | "203" ; Non-Authoritative...

HTTP14 Status Code (cont’d) Status-Code = "100" ; Continue... | "300" ; Multiple Choices | "301" ; Moved Permanently | " 302" ; Moved Temporarily | "400" ; Bad Request | "401" ; Unauthorized | "402" ; Payment Required | "403" ; Forbidden | "404" ; Not Found | "405" ; Method Not Allowed | "406" ; Not Acceptable | "500" ; Internal Server Error | "501" ; Not Implemented | "502" ; Bad Gateway | "503" ; Service Unavailable | "504" ; Gateway Time-out | "505" ; HTTP Version not supported

HTTP15 Example of Status Code summer2010/cs276/ GET /eecs/summer2010/cs276/ HTTP/1.1 Host: classes.engr.oregonstate.edu User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US; rv: ) Gecko/ Firefox/3.6.6 … HTTP/ Not Found Date: Mon, 19 Jul :21:46 GMT Server: Apache/2.2.3 (Red Hat) Content-Length: 314 Connection: close Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso

HTTP16 Summary  The HTTP protocol is used to retrieve a sequence of bytes, which is often an HTML file.  It is a stateless protocol following a simple request/response paradigm.  A success or failure of the result is indicated by a status code.  It is possible to specify the properties of the document to be retrieved, for example, the encoding method of the image, the language of the text, etc.