1 Exploring time and space in the annotation of museum catalogues: The Sloane virtual exhibition experience Stephen Stead Vienna November 2014 University of Southampton & Paveprime Ltd Jonathan Whitson-Cloud, Dominic Oldman British Museum

2 Agenda  Historical Background  The CIDOC CRM  Review of Place in Catalogue Entry  Review of Time in Catalogue Entry  Spatial Temporal Relationships between Catalogue Entries  CRMinf  CRMinf recording Sloan assertions

3 Historical Background  Sir Hans Sloane ( )  Trip to Jamaica in the 1680s  Started a collection of ‘natural and artificial rarities’  On death left collection to the Nation  Act of Parliament created British Museum  Parts later dispersed to British Library and Natural History Museum  79,475 catalogue entries  Reconstructing Sloane project

CIDOC CRM Background Ontology: 89 classes &137 properties Explains hundreds of data formats International standard ISO 21127:2006 Ongoing maintenance ISO update and v6.0 in 2014 Extended by FRBRoo v2.0 in 2014

The CRM Family  CRM: Conceptual Reference Model  FRBRoo: Bibliographic References  PRESSoo: Periodicals  CRMinf: Argumentation Model  CRMsci: Scientific Observation Model  CRMdig: Digital Provenance Model  CRMgeo: Spatiotemporal Refinement

6 The CIDOC CRM Top-level Classes participate in E39 Actor E55 Type E28 Conceptual Object E18 Physical Thing E2 Temporal Entity E41 Appellation affect or use refer to / refine refer to / identify location at within E53 Place E52 Time-Span

7 Place in Catalogue Entry (after CAA14 paper)  Place of Manufacture  Region of Use  Place of Collection  Region of Associated Culture  Origin of Manufacturer

8 Time in Catalogue Entry (after CAA14 paper)  Date of Manufacture  Date of Culture of Manufacture  Date of Usage  Date of Collection  Date of Accession  Date of Record Compilation

9 Spatial Temporal Relationships between Catalogue Entries  Relative Record Compilation (see CAA2014 paper)  Spatial Relations Between Catalogue Entry Versions

Spatial Relations Between Catalogue Entry Versions (S1) 10 E31 Document Original Misc 4 E31 Document Misc 4 X E25 Man-Made Feature Marks of Original Misc 4 E24 Physical Man-Made Thing ESL P128 is carried by E53 Place Place of Original Misc 4 text P128 is carried by P59 has section P53 has former or current location E25 Man-Made Feature Marks of Misc 4 X P128 is carried by E53 Place Place of Misc 4 X symbol P53 has former or current location P122 borders with E53 Place Place of Misc 4 L226 text E53 Place Place of Misc 4 25 text P122 P59 has section

11 Evolution of Catalogue Entry  A] 4.-> X-> L226-> 25  B] 4.-> L226->X-> 25  C] 4.-> L226-> 25-> X  Others?

12 Evolution of Catalogue Entries (A) E65 Creation Creation of X and Version 2 Misc 4 E65 Creation Creation of Misc 4 P94i was created by P106i forms part of & P148i is component of P106i & P148i E31 Document Original Misc 4 E31 Document Misc 4 X E31 Document Version 2 Misc 4 P94i was created by P94i P16 E65 Creation Creation of L226 and Version 3 Misc 4 P106i & P148i E31 Document Misc 4 L226 E31 Document Version 3 Misc 4 P94i was created by P94i P16 used specific object E31 Document Version 4 Misc 4 E31 Document Misc 4 25 E65 Creation Creation of 25 and Version 4 Misc 4 P106i & P148i P16 P94i

CRMinf classes: Temporal Entities 13 I2 Belief E2 Temporal Entity S15 Observable Entity E13 Attribute Assignment I1 Argumentation S4 Observation S5 I5 Inference Making I7 Belief Adoption CRM CRMsci CRMinf

CRMinf classes: Others 14 E73 Information Object E28 Conceptual Object I3 Inference Logic I4 Proposition Set I6 Belief Value E28 Symbolic Object E28 Propositional Object E59 Primitive Value CRM CRMinf

CRMinf Argumentation 15 I3 Inference Logic I4 Proposition Set I6 Belief Value I2 Belief I1 Argumentation I5 Inference Making I7 Belief Adoption J1 used as premise (was premise for) P17 was motivated by J6 adopted (adopted by) P17 was motivated by J5 holds to be (is held by) J4 that (is subject of) J3 applies (was applied by) P16 used specific object J2 concluded that (was concluded by) P116 starts E39 Actor P14 carried out by (performed) CRM CRMinf

Modelling my Beliefs in Evolutions A, B and C 16 J1 used as premise J5 holds to be J4 that J2 concluded that P14 carried out by I5 Inference Making Evolution Decision I2 Belief SdS Belief in Evolution A of Misc 4 E39 Actor Person SdS I4 Proposition Set Evolution A I6 Belief Value True J5 holds to be J4 that J2 concluded that I2 Belief SdS Belief in Evolution B of Misc 4 I4 Proposition Set Evolution B I6 Belief Value False J5 holds to be J4 that J2 concluded that I2 Belief SdS Belief in Evolution C of Misc 4 I4 Proposition Set Evolution C I6 Belief Value False J3 applies I2 Belief BM Belief in Spatial Relations of Misc 4 J5 holds to be J4 that I4 Proposition Set S1 I6 Belief Value True I3 Inference Logic Catalogue Text Rules

Trusting a Belief 17 J6 adopted J5 holds to be J4 that J2 concluded that P14 carried out by I7 Belief Adoption Adopting SdS belief I2 Belief CHNT Belief in Evolution A of Misc 4 E39 Actor Group CHNT19 I4 Proposition Set Evolution A I6 Belief Value True I2 Belief SdS Belief in Evolution A of Misc 4 J5 holds to be J4 that I4 Proposition Set Evolution A I6 Belief Value True

Modelling Belief in a forgery 18 J1 used as premise J5 holds to be J4 that J2 concluded that P14 carried out by I5 Inference Making Forgery Decision I2 Belief EvD Belief in Forgery of Misc 4 E39 Actor Person EvD I4 Proposition Set Forgery I6 Belief Value True J3 applies I2 Belief Belief in Spatial Relations of Misc 4 J5 holds to be J4 that I4 Proposition Set S1 I6 Belief Value True I3 Inference Logic Forgery Rules

19 Conclusion  The Sloan catalogues are a fantastic resource  The parent of UK cataloguing practice  Temporal and Spatial Semantics  Rich, varied and often eccentric  CRMinf allows the modelling of inference chains  Jean-Claude Gardin would be pleased