Reading Assignment: Chapter 14 Hagfishes and Lampreys end 2008

Summary: 1. Rover predators 2. Lie-in-wait predators 3. Surface oriented fishes 4. Bottom fishes 5. Deep Bodied fishes 6. Eel-like fishes end

3. Surface-Oriented fishes Often small Upward tending mouth (superior or superterminal) Dorsoventrally flattened head Adapted to surface life Poeciliidae-live bearers guppies mollies Gambusia mosquitofish end

Four-eyed fish end

Cyprinodontidae-pupfish, killifish banded killifish end

betas archerfish Other surface oriented fishes Gambusia end

4. Bottom fishes (benthic) Swimbladder reduced or absent flattened dorsoventrally (depressed) Atlantic halibut end

Bottom fishes continued Specialized structures: sensory structures barbels, fin rays modified fins (darters, clingfishes) barbels end

sea robin end

flounders soles tonguefish Pleuronectiformes-flatfishes end

hog choker end

Acipenseridae--sturgeons lake sturgeon end

Skates & rays end

5. Deep-bodied fishes Laterally flattened (compressed) Dorsal and anal fins long Pectoral fins high on body Pelvic fins thoracic Mouth protrusible Fin spines French angelfish lookdown butterfly fish maneuverability end

Centrarchidae-crappies & sunfishes bluegill end

6. Eel-like fishes-- elongated bodies Paired fins reduced or absent Dorsal and anal fins long Scales small or absent Flexible bodies Adapted for small crevices end

American eel slime eel snake eel end

moray eel end

Evolution of Gnathostomes end

Cenozoic Mesozoic 65 Paleozoic mya PeriodsEra Permian Cretaceous Quaternary Cambrian 505 Ordovician 438 Silurian 408 Devonian 360 Carboniferous 286 Triassic 213 Jurassic 144 Tertiary 2 ostracoderms origin Myxini ? Ceph. placoderms Elasmobranchii Holocephali Acanthodii Chondrostei sharks skates rays gar bowfin Teleostei ChondrichthyesActinoptergii Sarcopterygii lungfish coelacanth amphibians ostracoderm placoderm end

Skull--cartilaginous trough; jawless Notochord No appendicular skeleton Myxini--hagfishes end

Cephalaspidomorphi-lampreys Skull--cartilaginous trough; jawless cartilaginous vertebrae, no centra No appendicular skeleton end

Placodermi-placoderms first jaws Skull--first jawed fishes; bony tooth plates end

Chondrichthyes- sharks, skates, rays, ratfishes Skull--cartilaginous; jaws protrusible, first true teeth cartilaginous vertebrate with centra Pelvic and pectoral fins well developed end

Osteichthyes-bony fishes puffer Skull--cartilaginous or bony; jaws with teeth; jaws variable cartilaginous or bony vertebral column with centra pelvic and pectoral fins well developed end

gut cranium mouth Evolution of the jaw Primitive jawless stage gill slits visceral cartilages 8-9 arches end

hypothetical placoderm jaw mandibular arch end

chondirchthyian hyoid arch spiracle end

Osteichthyian skull --5 elements 1. neurocranium 2. jaw 4. branchiohyoid apparatus 3. suspensorium 5. opercular bones end

END

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mya PeriodsEra ?

Grand Forks Inkster Ardoch Manvel Forest River Hwy 18 Hwy 1 to Johnstown I29 Hwy 18 UND Biol. Area 0.5 mi 3 mi tree line Turn right on gravel road just past tree line, go north for 0.5 mi, turn right on two-track road just before Farm house, pass ravine on left and turn left following Ravine on the left, stop by chain link fence compound. stop here farm house I29 Hwy 81